不同玉米品种（系）的全株、果穗与秸秆青贮特性比较

为比较不同玉米品系的全株、果穗及秸秆青贮效能和利用特性，以3个粮饲通用玉米新品系和1个专用青贮玉米为材料，于3/4乳线期测定生物产量及相关农艺性状，制作全株、果穗及秸秆青贮，发酵60 d后测定营养成分和发酵品质。结果表明：4个品种（系）生育期变幅为120~123 d，MTP-080生育期最长且绿叶数及绿叶比最高，MTP-082生育期居中但全株和果穗鲜干产量均最高。全株青贮中雅玉青贮8号的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最高，MTP-082粗蛋白、淀粉和可溶性碳水化合物含量均最高，MTP-082泌乳净能显著高于雅玉青贮8号和MTP-080。各品种（系）全株及果穗青贮pH为3.53~4.07，氨态氮/总氮小于10%，费氏评分均在110分以上，青贮发酵品质总体评价均为优级。果穗青贮总能、总可消化养分、消化能、代谢能、维持净能、增重净能及泌乳净能显著高于全株青贮和秸秆青贮。果穗青贮相对饲用价值为全株青贮的2.05倍、秸秆青贮的3.37倍。综上，粮饲通用型青贮玉米如MTP-082全株青贮产量高，持绿性适中，营养价值和发酵品质优，而且是制作果穗青贮的优质原料，因地制宜选择粮饲通用玉米发展果穗青贮将有利于种养殖业节本增效。

A comparative study of silage quality characteristics of whole-plant， whole-ear and whole-straw silage of different maize varieties （lines）

This study investigated the whole-plant， whole-ear and whole-straw silage efficiency and utilization characteristics of different maize lines. Three new strains of dual-purpose grain and fodder maize （MTP-044， MTP-080 and MTP-082； bred by Sichuan Agricultural University Maize Research Institute） and one silage maize strain （Yayu No. 8； Sichuan Yayu Technology Co. Ltd.） were studied. Biological yield and related agronomic characters were measured at the three-fourths milk line grain development stage， and samples ensiled. Under this criterion the time from planting to harvest of the four varieties or lines was 120 to 123 days. The nutritional value and fermentation quality of whole-plant， whole-ear and whole-straw silages were measured after 60 days of fermentation. The growth stage at harvest， the number of green leaves and the ratio of green leaves were the highest in MTP-080. The fresh and dry yields of whole-plant silage and whole-ear silage of MTP-082 were the highest. Whole plant silage of Yayu No.8 had the highest neutral and acid detergent fiber contents， and MTP-082 had the highest crude protein， starch and water soluble carbohydrate contents. The net energy for lactation of MTP-082 was significantly higher than that of Yayu No.8 and MTP-080. In addition， the pH of the whole-plant and whole-ear silages of each variety or line ranged from 3.53-4.07， the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was less than 10%， and the flieg score was above 110 in each variety or line. The overall evaluation of the silage fermentation quality was excellent. The total energy， total digestible nutrients， digestible energy， metabolizable energy， net maintenance energy， net energy for gain and net energy for lactation of whole-ear silage were significantly higher than those of whole-plant silage and whole-straw silage. The relative feeding value of whole-ear silage was 2.05 and 3.37 times that of whole-plant silage and whole-stalk silage， respectively. In general， the dual-purpose grain and forage maize varieties such as MTP-082 exhibited high yield， desirable stay-green characteristics， excellent nutritional value and fermentation quality when used for whole-plant silage， and also provided high-quality raw material for whole-ear silage. The development of whole-ear silage made from dual-purpose grain and fodder silage maize adjusting ensiling measures to local conditions will help the maize planting and breeding industry to save costs and increase efficiency.