陆地棉资源主要产量和纤维品质性状的遗传多样性分析研究

为了提高棉花种质资源的利用效率、增加骨干亲本的遗传多样性，对114份资源材料进行遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。衣分、单铃重和马克隆值的变异系数较大，整齐度的变异系数最小；子指的遗传多样性指数最大，伸长率的遗传多样性指数最小；主成分分析的前3个因子累计贡献率达到83.91%；单铃重与衣分和子指均为极显著正相关，衣分与子指为极显著负相关，纤维品质性状之间均为正相关关系，子指与纤维品质主要表现为负相关，单铃重和衣分与纤维品质表现为显著的正相关；聚类分析将供试材料分为3个大群，第Ⅰ大群主要为彩色棉品种；第Ⅱ大群为纤维品质优异、产量性状一般的材料；第Ⅲ大群的产量和纤维品质综合表现较好。本研究明确了各类材料的典型特征，为材料的高效利用和亲本选择提供一定参考。

Upland Cotton Germplasms: Genetic Diversity Analysis of Main Yield and Fiber Quality Traits

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of cotton germplasm resources and increase the genetic diversity of backbone parents, genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on 114 germplasm materials. The coefficient of variation (CV) of lint percentage, single boll weight and micronaire were relatively large, and the CV of fiber uniformity was the smallest. The genetic diversity index of seed index was the largest, and that of fiber elongation rate was the smallest. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three factors of principal component analysis reached 83.91%. Single boll weight was significantly positively correlated with lint percentage and seed index, lint percentage was significantly negatively correlated with seed index, and fiber quality traits were positively correlated with each other. Seed index was mainly negatively correlated with fiber quality, and single boll weight and lint percentage were significantly positively correlated with fiber quality. The tested materials were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis. Group I was mainly colored cotton varieties. Group II was materials with excellent fiber quality and common yield characters. Group III showed better comprehensive performance of yield and fiber quality. This study defined typical characteristics of different upland cotton material types, and provided certain reference for the efficient utilization of germplasm materials and the combination of parents.