不同施磷水平对薏苡农艺性状和产量的影响

研究薏苡品种在不同施磷水平处理下的农艺性状、产量，旨在为确定南方缺磷土壤地区薏苡最适生长所需磷肥量提供依据。在云南省文山地区采取小区试验的方法，随机区组排列；试验共设5个处理，3次重复，其中，以不施磷肥为对照。在不同施磷水平下观察记载其生育期、农艺性状、产量构成因素，并进行比较分析。结果表明，在一定条件下，试验选用‘文薏2号’，在不同施磷条件下，薏苡的生育期差异不显著。与对照相比，施磷量在180 kg/hm²时，薏苡的株高、茎粗、节间数、叶片数、整齐度等农艺性状最优；薏苡的有效穗粒数、穗粒数和千粒重也明显增加；从苗期到成熟期植株整齐度总体表现良好，薏苡的田间抗性增强；不同施磷水平处理间的穗粒数、千粒重和有效穗粒数也随着施磷量的增加而增加。磷肥可以促进薏苡生长从而达到增产。本次试验条件下适合薏苡生长的施磷水平是180 kg/hm²。

Effects of Phosphorus Application Levels on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Coix lacryma-jobi

To study the phosphorus application levels for the optimal growth of Coix varieties in phosphorus-deficient soil of south China, the agronomic characters and yield of Coix varieties under different phosphorus application levels were observed. The method of plot experiment was adopted in Wenshan of Yunnan Province, random blocks were arranged, and there were 5 treatments with 3 repeats, among which no phosphate fertilizer was used as control. The growth period, agronomic characters and yield components were observed and recorded under different phosphorus application levels. The results showed that under certain conditions, the growth period of Coix variety ‘Wenyi 2’ had no significant difference under different phosphorus application levels. Compared with those of the control, the plant height, stem diameter, internode number, leaf number and uniformity were the best when phosphorus was applied at 180 kg/hm². The effective ear number, grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight also increased significantly. From seedling stage to mature stage, the overall plant integrity was good, and the field resistance was enhanced. The grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight and effective ear number increased with the increase of phosphorus application level. The results indicated that phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth of Coix and increase the yield. In this experiment, the optimum phosphorus application level was 180 kg/hm².