阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹养殖生境水和沉积物元素研究

为了了解阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹养殖区生境中水和底泥元素的含量特征，同时对阳澄湖蟹与环境水和底泥元素的相关性进行研究，本研究周年期间逐月采集了阳澄湖养殖围网区中华绒螯蟹的水与底泥样本，使用电感耦合等离子质谱仪对水样进行了测定，同时利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪和X射线荧光光谱对底泥样品元素进行了测定。结果显示阳澄湖养殖区水样的矿质元素含量符合淡水养殖标准且同样满足国家Ⅰ类水标准；底泥样本的矿质元素均不在风险筛选值范围内。对用于中华绒螯蟹原产地鉴别的Na等10种元素结果进行Pearson相关性分析结果显示蟹样和水样之间Ba成极显著正相关(P<0.01),Mg和Zn显著正相关(P<0.05)；蟹样和泥样元素相关性分析中，K成显著负相关(P<0.05)。阳澄湖养殖区水、泥均不存在重金属污染的问题，同时阳澄湖蟹与养殖环境也存在一定的相关性。

The Elemental Composition in Water and Sediment of Culture Habitat of Eriocheir sinensis in the Yangcheng Lake

In order to understand the characteristics of elements’ contents in habitat water and sediment of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in the Yangcheng Lake, and explore the correlations between the elements and the Chinese mitten crab, the water and sediment samples were collected monthly from the purse seine culture area of Chinese mitten crabs in the Yangcheng Lake during the year-long period. The concentrations of the elements in water were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the concentrations of the elements in sediment were determined by ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), respectively. The results showed that the elements’ contents of the water samples could meet Pollution-free Food-Quality of Water for Freshwater Aquiculture and Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (Class I). The elements’ contents of the sediment samples were not within the risk screening value range of Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land. Pearson correlation analysis of the 10 elements (e.g., Na) used for the identification of the origin of Chinese mitten crab indicated that there was a very significantly positive correlation for Ba (P<0.01), and significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) for Mg and Zn between crab and water samples. In contrast, K showed significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) between crab and sediment samples. The aforementioned evidences suggested that no heavy metal contamination was found in both water and sediment habitats of the purse seine culture area of Chinese mitten crabs in the Yangcheng Lake, and certain correlations were observed between the crabs and the culture habitat in the Yangcheng Lake.