Crop rotation sequencing to minimize yield losses of summer-irrigated lowland rice in Myanmar caused by the rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola |
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Authors: | Pa Pa Win Pyone Pyone Kyi Zin Thu Zar Maung Yi Yi Myint Dirk De Waele |
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Institution: | 1. Plant Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Yangon, Insein, Myanmar;2. Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT, UNOPS), Mayangone Township, Yangon, Myanmar;3. Department of Nematology, Kearney Agriculture and Research Extension Center, University of California, Riverside, Parlier, CA, USA;4. Department of Plant Pathology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar;5. Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Heverlee, Belgium;6. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa |
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Abstract: | AbstractThe effect of different rice-based crop rotation sequences on the population densities of Meloidogyne graminicola and on the yield of rice was evaluated in a microplot experiment under lowland rice field conditions. Ten treatments of cropping sequences were grown in four successive growing seasons: continuous growing of the susceptible rice cultivar Thihtatyin (rice-rice-rice-rice), four treatments of 1- season crop rotation sequences (rice-rice-chickpea-rice, rice-rice-black gram-rice, rice-rice-soybean-rice, rice-rice-cowpea-rice), and five treatments of 2-season crop rotation sequences (groundnut-rice-chickpea-rice, green gram-rice-black gram-rice, cowpea-rice-soybean-rice, sesame-rice-cowpea-rice, sunflower-rice-sesame-rice). Population densities of M. graminicola recovered from the rice plants and the nematode multiplication factors (Mf) in the soil in the continuous rice cropping sequence (rice-rice-rice-rice) was the highest among the ten cropping sequences. Lowest nematode Mf in the soil was observed in the 2-season crop rotation sequence sunflower-rice-sesame-rice and the highest was observed in the 1-season crop rotation sequence rice-rice-cowpea-rice among the nine crop rotation sequences. Highest rice yield was obtained in the 2-season crop rotation sequences green gram-rice-black gram-rice, sesame-rice-cowpea-rice and sunflower-rice-sesame-rice, which were about 2 times higher compared with the 1-season crop rotation sequences and about 3 times higher compared with the continuous rice cropping sequence. |
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Keywords: | Host plant nematode reproduction plant growth root galling yield |
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