基于PLC的屋顶绿化雨水滞蓄效能自动监测系统及应用

【目的】屋顶绿化通过植被层涵养和基质层滞蓄等作用可减少和延缓暴雨的径流峰值，通过实时监测降雨量、土壤含水量和溢流量等参数，对屋顶绿化雨水滞蓄效能进行科学研究。【方法】以可编程控制器(Programmable logic controller,PLC)为硬件控制核心组件，结合触摸屏技术研制屋顶绿化雨水滞蓄效能的自动监测系统，对降雨事件、降雨量、空气温度、空气湿度和风速进行自动监测。【结果】实时监测系统的测量结果与气象部门观测数据吻合，表明该系统能有效实现溢流量和基质土壤相对湿度的自动测量。不同植被的植物槽溢流量和基质土壤相对湿度存在差异，在试验过程中的一个连续降雨时期，大花马齿苋Portulaca grandiflora植物槽的滞蓄率为54.75%，南美蟛蜞菊Sphagneticola trilobata为26.63%，佛甲草Sedum lineare为38.34%；基质保水性存在季节差异，8月降雨后基质相对湿度普遍达70%以上，而9月南美蟛蜞菊基质相对湿度均低于70%,10月则更低。【结论】该监测系统可实现对室外屋顶绿化滞蓄效能及生态环境因子的有效、准确和实时动态监测。屋顶植物槽系统的...

PLC-based automatic monitoring system and its application in the rainwater storage capacity of the roof greening ecosystem

Objective Green roof can reduce and delay the runoff peak of rainstorm through vegetation mitigation and soil media retention. Real time monitoring of rainfall amount, water content of soil media, and runoff are of great significance for scientific research on rainwater retention capacity of roof greening. Method Taking programmable logic controller (PLC) as the core component of hardware control and combining with touch screen, an automatic monitoring system for the rainwater storage effect of roof greening was developed to automatically monitor rainfall events, rainfall amount, air temperature, air humidity and wind speed. Result The measurement results of the real-time monitoring system were consistent with the data of the meteorological department, which indicates that the system can effectively realize the automatic measurement of the overflow amount and the relative humidity of the substrate soil. There were differences in the overflow amount of plant trough and the relative humidity of substrate soil among different vegetations. For example, in a continuous rainfall period during the test, the retention rate of Portulaca grandiflora trough system was 54.75%, the Sphagneticola trilobata system was only 26.63%, and the Sedum lineare system was 38.34%. There were seasonal differences in the water holding capacity of the substrate. The relative humidity of the substrate generally reached more than 70% after the rainfall in August, while the relative humidity of the substrate of Sphagneticola trilobata system was lower than 70% in September, and even lower in October.Conclusion The monitoring system can realize effective, accurate and real-time dynamic monitoring of storage efficiency of outdoor roof greening and ecological environment factors. The rainwater retention capacity, runoff yield characteristics and water retention performance of the matrix soil of the roof plant trough system may be closely related to the meteorological and climatic conditions, rainfall intensity, rainfall amount, plant types, seasonal changes, matrix composition, etc.