中国与欧美农业科技创新体系对比研究

农业科技创新发展已成为推动现代农业发展的重要原动力。近年来,中国步入农业科技创新发展的快车道,为探寻建立健全中国农业科技创新体系的路径与方法,对美国、英国、德国与中国的农业科技创新体系进行对比。结果表明：①农业产业的特殊性决定农业科技创新体系的特殊性,农业科技创新主体、农业科技创新环境、农业科技创新成果与应用、农业科技创新国际合作相互作用,构成完整的农业科技创新体系。②产学研紧密结合是美国农业科技创新体系的突出特点,英国则是注重政府引导、信息共享与知识服务,德国是信息化生态型农业科技创新体系代表,注重信息引领与绿色、可持续发展。③与欧美农业科技创新体系相比,我国农业科技创新体系仍存在一些不足,未来可从协调统筹、规划建设、队伍与机制建设等方面入手,全面推动我国农业科技创新体系发展建设。

Comparison of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation System in Europe and America and Enlightenments to China

The innovation and development of agricultural science and technology has become an important driving force to promote the development of modern agriculture. In recent years, China has stepped into the fast lane of agricultural science and technology innovation and development. This paper compared the agricultural science and technology innovation system in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and China, in order to explore the path and method to improve Chinas agricultural science and technology innovation system. The results showed that: ① The particularity of agricultural industry determined the particularity of agricultural science and technology innovation system. The main body of agricultural science and technology innovation, agricultural science and technology innovation environment, agricultural science and technology innovation achievements and applications, and international cooperation of agricultural science and technology innovation interacted to form a complete agricultural science and technology innovation system. ② The close integration of "industry, education and research" was a prominent feature of the American agricultural science and technology innovation system. The United Kingdom payed attention to government guidance, information sharing and knowledge service. Germany was the representative of the information ecotype agricultural science and technology innovation system, and payed attention to information guidance and green and sustainable development. ③ Compared with the agricultural science and technology innovation system in Europe and America, there were still some deficiencies in the agricultural science and technology innovation system in China. In the future, the development and construction of the agricultural science and technology innovation system in China could be comprehensively promoted from the aspects of coordination, planning and construction, team and mechanism construction.