施肥和密度对小麦产量及加工品质的影响

为了探讨提高产量和改善品质的合理栽培措施,试验采用不同氮肥和密度处理,研究其对产量和品质的影响,结果表明:基本苗为225万~450万/hm2时产量差异不显著,但均比150万/hm2基本苗处理显著提高了产量。施氮270 kg/hm2比135 kg/hm2显著提高了产量。不同基本苗处理对蛋白质含量和加工品质指标影响较小,但不同施氮量对各蛋白组分、总蛋白质含量及加工品质指标有显著影响,高氮处理比低氮处理显著提高了总蛋白质和各蛋白组分含量,并显著增加了沉淀值、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、吸水率、形成时间和面包体积。结论认为:基本苗对产量影响较大,对品质影响较小,施氮处理对产量和品质均有重要影响,适当增施氮肥可以使籽粒产量、营养品质和加工品质同步提高。

Effect of Different Fertilizing and Plant Density on Grain Yield and Its Processing Quality of Wheat

The effect on yield and quality of different amount of N fertilizer and plant densities was studied in the paper. The results showed that there was no evident yield diversity among the treatments of basic seedling density from 2.25 million to 4.5 million per hm~2, their yields were prominently higher than that of 1.5 million seedlings per hm~2 treatment. On the other hand, the treatment with 270 kg/hm~2 N fertilizer applied had a remarkable increase than that of 135 kg/hm~2 N fertilizer treatment. There was prominent effect on protein composition and total protein in different fertilizing treatments, these increased remarkably in the high fertilizer treatment compared with the low treatment, and the sedimentation value, wet gluten content , dry gluten content, water absorption rate, dough development time and bread volume in high nitrogen treatment disposals were increased best prominence than the low treatment. The conclusion showed that the effect was the biggest on yield and less on quality in different basic seedling treatment. The effect was important on yield and quality in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application. The grain yield, nutrition quality and bread making quality could improved synchronously by reasonably increasing nitrogenous fertilizer.