化肥减量配施有机肥对小麦生长、光合和产量的影响

为研究化肥减量配施有机肥对小麦生长和产量及经济效益的影响,以小麦品种新冬42号为材料,进行了常规化肥减量25%配施有机肥(CF+M25)、常规化肥减量50%配施有机肥(CF+M50)、常规化肥减量75%配施有机肥(CF+M75)、常规化肥(CF)、空白对照(CK)5个处理的田间试验,分析了不同化肥配施有机肥处理下小麦生长、光合相关指标和经济效益的差异。结果表明,与CF处理相比,CF配施有机肥处理的冬小麦株高、叶面积指数无显著变化,CF+M25处理小麦叶片的比叶重显著增加,增加幅度3.7%,CF+M50处理使小麦叶片单株分蘖数增加了7.89%;有机肥配施处理对冬小麦SPAD和光合参数有一定影响,但与CF处理比较规律性不明显;CF+M50处理显著增加冬小麦穗部干物质积累量,并且有较高的地上部生物量。常规化肥减量25%和减量50%配施有机肥能促进小麦增产且有效降低化肥施用量,可作为新疆伊犁地区有机肥与化肥配施的推荐用量。

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Growth,Photosynthesis and Yield of Wheat

In order to study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application on growth,yield and economic benefits of wheat,five treatments were conducted: conventional fertilizer reduction by 25% combined with organic fertilizer(CF+M25),conventional chemical fertilizer reduction by 50% combined with organic fertilizer(CF+M50),conventional fertilizer reduction by 75% combined with organic fertilizer(CF+M75),conventional chemical fertilizer(CF) and blank control(CK). The experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on wheat growth,photosynthetic indices and economic benefits. The results showed that,compared with CF treatment,CF combined with organic fertilize treatments have no significant effects on plant height,leaf area index of winter wheat. CF+M25 treatment significantly increased the specific leaf weight of wheat leaves by 3.7%. CF+M50 treatment significantly increased the number of tillers per plant by 7.89%. Combined application of organic fertilizers had certain effects on SPAD and photosynthetic parameters of winter wheat,but the regularity was not obvious compared with CF treatment; CF+M50 treatment significantly increased ear dry matter accumulation and higher above ground biomass.Conventional fertilizer reduction of 25% and 50% combined with organic fertilizer can promote wheat yield and effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,which can be used as the recommended application amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in Yili area of Xinjiang.