农田氮磷面源污染环境风险研究评述

为了促进我国农田氮磷面源污染环境风险防控的理论研究和实践应用,对国内外农田氮磷面源污染的环境风险研究进行总结和评述。通过对相关文献系统调研和梳理,将农田氮磷面源污染环境风险研究分为三个方面:一是氮磷面源污染风险源识别与风险机理研究,二是氮磷面源污染环境风险模型模拟研究,三是氮磷面源污染环境风险控制研究。研究认为我国面源污染研究对国外模型的局限性关注不够;缺乏面源污染风险评价和控制技术标准;氮磷面源污染环境风险发生机理和防控机制研究不够深入。今后我国农田氮磷面源污染环境风险研究应着重以下几个方面:(1)农田面源污染发生机制及其影响因子的研究;(2)面源污染环境风险评价方法和防控技术标准,特别是农田氮磷施用环境安全阈值研究;(3)农田氮磷面源污染风险与农户行为的关系研究;(4)农业面源污染的综合治理研究。

Review on Environmental Risk from Non-point Source Pollution by Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Farmland

This paper reviewed the environmental risk from non-point source pollution (NSP) by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in farmland in order to provide theoretical and practical bases for preventing and controlling these pollutions in China.Based on the collection and sorting of the related references,the researches on the environmental risk from NSP by N and P in farmland covered three aspects including identification and mechanism,model simulation and risk control and management.There were three problems on the studies in China,including little attention to the limitation of foreign models used in China,few assessment and control standards and few researches on the development and control mechanisms of NSP.Further researches should be focused on the mechanism and factors of NSP,its assessment measures and control standards,especially environmental safety threshold for N and P fertilizers,the relationship between NSP and behaviors of farmers,and the integrated control for agricultural NSP.