一膜两年覆盖条件下耕作方法对旱作玉米产量及土壤物理性状的影响

为了优化全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤耕作技术,实现土壤质量保育和增产增效,布设田间定位试验,比较研究了一膜两年全膜双垄覆盖条件下,少免耕对玉米产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、经济效益及土壤物理性状的影响。结果表明:一膜两年用条件下,深松耕—免耕较对照能显著提高玉米的籽粒产量、水分利用效率、收获指数、总产值及产投比,其籽粒产量、水分利用效率、收获指数、总产值及产投比分别较对照提高22.8%,22.0%,15.0%,17.4%,17.4%;深松耕—免耕具有降低表层土壤容重、紧实度,增加土壤总孔度、大团聚体含量及饱和导水率的作用,全膜双垄沟播玉米采用深松耕—免耕具有明显的稳增产增效及土壤结构改善的作用,建议在全膜双垄沟播玉米种植体系中推广应用。

Effect of tillage system on rain-fed maize yield and soil physical characteristics for one film used two years

This study aimed to optimize the tillage system and realize the effect of maize production and efficiency increased under the completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting for one film used two years, stable-increasing grain yield and protecting soil quality in The experiments were conducted on the effect of tillage system including subsoiling tillage - no tillage, no tillage - no tillage, rotary tillage - no tillage, and traditional tillage- no tillage (as the control) on maize yield, water use efficiency (WUE), economic efficiency, soil physical characteristics under the completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting under one film used two years, the results showed that the system of subsoiling tillage - no tillage could significantly increased the grain yield, WUE, harvest index, total output value and output ratio, which increased by 22.8%, 22.0%, 15.0%, 17.4% and 17.4%, respectively, compared to that of the control under the completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting. Meanwhile,the system of subsoiling tillage - no tillage could reduce the soil surface bulk density and soil compaction, increase soil total porosity, the content of large mechanical stability aggregates and waterstable aggregates. Above of which indicated that the maize yield and incomes were promoted and soil physical characteristics were protected used the tillage system of subsoiling tillage - no tillage under the completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting, it should be widely extended in maize production in hilly and gully region on loess plateau.