吐鲁番地区新征集葡萄资源果实主要品质性状的因子分析和聚类分析

探讨32份新征集葡萄资源在吐鲁番地区的主要品质性状差异,评价葡萄品质,为优良品种的筛选和品种的进一步选育及品质改良提供参考依据。对32份葡萄资源20个果实品质性状进行因子分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明,根据因子分析结果提取风味品质、果粒质量、外观品质、可食率、营养、皮肉质地6个主因子,其累计贡献率达80.983%;利用各主因子得分绘制的二维分布图,直观地反映品种与品质指标之间的关系;根据前6个主因子与性状的相关性,筛选16个影响力较大的品质性状,并将32份葡萄资源划分为4大类,其中2大类又可进一步分为2个亚类。综合分析发现,本地区大粒、可食率高、糖酸比高、皮薄肉脆且外观品质好的鲜食品种较少,大粒及外观、内在品质兼优的鲜食兼制干用无核品种依旧缺乏。试验结果直观地反映吐鲁番地区近年新征集葡萄资源的品质分布状况,可为这些资源的进一步利用和本地区引种、育种目标的实现提供重要依据。

Factor and Cluster Analysis on Main Quality Characters of New-collective Germplasm of Grape in Turpan Region

This paper is to evaluate thirty-two new collected grape resources in Turpan region based on main quality traits and grape quality, and to provide a reference basis for the superior varieties screening, breeding, and quality improvement. Twenty fruit quality traits of thirty-two grape resources have been analyzed by factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis. Six main factors were extracted based on factor analysis. They were respectively flavor quality, berry mass, appearance quality, edible rate, fruit nutrition, peel and pulp texture. Their cumulative contribution rate was 80.983%. The two-dimensional map formed by each main factor score can intuitively reflect the relationship between the varieties and quality indicators. Sixteen influential quality traits were chosen by the correlation analysis of the former fruit characteristics and six main factors.Thirty-two grape resources were divided into four types, two of them can be further divided into two subcategories. In Turpan region, there are fewer the fresh-eating varieties characterized by large, high edible rate, high sugar-acid ratio, thin skin, crisp pulp, good appearance quality, and still lack of seedless varieties for fresh-eating and dried dual-purpose. This study reflects the quality distribution of grape resources collected in recent years, which can be referred for grape utilization, germplasm introduction and breeding target setting in this region.