碱化土壤施肥对油葵养分与品质的影响

为研究碱化条件下施肥对油葵氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分吸收积累与油籽品质的影响,探讨碱胁迫条件下油葵养分吸收与油籽品质的关系,在宁夏典型碱化土壤西大滩进行油葵施肥试验。结果表明:油葵单株干物质积累量符合Logistic曲线,叶、茎、盘、根干物质积累量呈抛物线趋势,籽实的干物质积累量呈直线上升趋势。油葵氮、磷、钾养分积累动态符合Logistic曲线,增施氮肥N积累量提高1.47倍,增施磷肥P2O5积累量提高26.2%,增施钾肥K2O积累量提高2.4%。整个生育期,N的吸收高峰在现蕾期,P2O5、K2O吸收高峰在现蕾期和开花期。氮、磷处理粗蛋白质量分数最高达19.6%,氮、磷、钾处理粗脂肪质量分数最高达55.3%,施肥对蛋白产量和产油量的影响表现为氮肥钾肥磷肥有机肥。粗蛋白、油酸、硬脂酸质量分数与油葵植株N养分吸收积累量呈正相关,与P2O5、K2O呈负相关;粗脂肪、亚油酸、棕榈酸质量分数与油葵植株N养分吸收积累量呈负相关,与P2O5、K2O呈正相关。

Effect of Fertilization on Nutrients and Quality of Sunflower in Alkali Soil

The field experiment of fertilization was conducted with the materials of oil sunflower in typical alkali soil,Xidatan Ningxia,to study the effect of fertilization on the nutrient absorption and accumulation of N,P and K and oilseed quality under alkalized conditions,and the relationship of oil sunflower quality with nutrient absorption under alkali stress conditions. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of oil sunflower plant displayed logistic curve,and dry matter accumulation of leaf,stem,disc and root presented a parabolic trend,and dry matter accumulation of seeds showed a linear upward trend. N,P and K accumulation dynamics were simulated by logistic curve. N accumulation increased by 1.47 times under the condition of N fertilization. P₂O₅ accumulation increased by 26.2% under the condition of P fertilization. K₂O increased by 2.4% under the condition of K fertilization. During the whole growth period,the N absorption peak appeared at the bud stage,P₂O₅,K₂O absorption peak did during the budding and blossom period. The crude protein mass fraction was up to 19.6% in N and P treatments,and 55.3% in NPK treatments. The effect of fertilization on protein and oil yield was sequenced as N >K > P > organic fertilizer. The crude protein,oleic acid,stearic acid mass fraction were positively correlated with N accumulation,and negatively correlated with P₂O₅ and K₂O content. Crude fat,linoleic acid,palmitic acid mass fraction were negatively correlated with N accumulation,and positively correlated with P₂O₅ and K₂O.