基于分形理论的农村居民点空间分布特征定量研究

农村居民点分形特征作为农村居民点自主演化研究的重要内容，可以很好地反映其发育情况及空间占据能力。以晋城市长河流域为例，通过对农村居民点空间分布主要影响因素的分形分析，探讨了农村居民点分维与其之间的关系，并引入证据权模型量化了各因素的影响程度，在此基础上对该区农村居民点空间分布特征进行了定量评价。结果表明:（1）晋城市长河流域农村居民点分维数值随着高程和坡度的增加总体呈降低趋势，农村居民点分维数值显著高于交通维数与水系维数，长远来看，农村居民点与交通维数将会升高，而在采煤的影响下，水系维数则会降低；（2）社会经济因素中的农村人均居民点用地面积与农民人均纯收入可以直接影响居民点维数值，且与居民点维数变化趋势一致；（3）用证据权模型计算出的各指标影响程度排序为:坡度>道路>高程>水系>农民人均纯收入>人均居民点占地面积，研究结果与分形理论研究得出的结论具有一致性。该研究可为丘陵山区农村居民点土地整理与空间布局优化提供参考。

A Quantitative Study on Spatial Structure and Form of Rural Residential Area Based on Fractal Theory

As an important part of the study in the evolution of self-organization theory on rural residential areas, the spatial distribution and variation of them can be well presented by the fractal characteristics. Changhe River Basin in Jincheng was taken as a study area. The relationships were showed between influencing factors of location changes and fractal dimension values in rural residential areas. The weight of evidence model, which is driven by both knowledge and data, was employed to quantified the impact of each factor. The results show that:(1) the fractal dimension value of rural residential areas in Changhe River Basin in Jincheng decreases with increase of elevation and slope, the fractal dimension value of rural residential areas is obviously higher than traffic dimension and water dimension, the fractal dimension of the rural settlement will increase in a long period as the development of economy and society, and the water dimension will decrease under the underground mining coal influence; (2) the rural per capita residential area and per capita annual net income of farmers directly affect the fractal dimension of the rural settlement, and the change is consistent with it; (3) according to the results calculated by the weight of evidence model, the rank of the indexes was in the order:slope > transportation > elevation > drainage system > per capita annual net income of farmers > per capita residential area. This is consistent with the conclusions obtained from the fractal theory. The findings in this study can facilitate the practical applications in rural residential consolidation and layout planning in the similar regions.