中国真丝绸商品出口的国际竞争力分析

依据国际市场占有率(MS)、贸易竞争力指数(TC)和显示性比较优势指数(RCA)等3项指标数据,对我国真丝绸商品自入世以来的国际竞争力进行实证分析。以蚕丝类为代表的原料制品和以绸缎类为代表的半制成品在国际市场上具有较强竞争优势,其MS和TC指数都比较高,但是RCA指数却呈现下降趋势;以女衬衫、披肩以及领带为代表的丝绸二次制成品在国际市场上的竞争力相对较弱。实证结果说明我国依然处于蚕丝原料输出国的地位,利润空间较小的蚕丝类和绸缎类的出口占很大比例,而利润空间比较大的部分丝绸二次制成品的国际市场占有率则相对较小。提升我国真丝绸商品出口的国际竞争力,一方面要在中西部地区建立专业化、规模化的优质蚕茧生产基地,以保障高档真丝绸制成品的原料品质;另一方面要增强丝绸二次制成品生产企业在产品研发设计、生产技术、产品营销策划等方面的能力,以及改善生产设备,创建一批国际化的高档丝绸品牌,增加高附加值丝绸产品的出口量和出口额。

An Analysis on International Competitiveness of Chinese Silk Fabric Products

According to data of the International Market Share(MS),Trade Competitiveness Index(TC),and Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA),an empirical analysis was conducted on the international competitiveness of China's silk products since joining the WTO.The results showed that China's raw material products such as natural silk products and semi-finished products such as satin products had a strong competitive advantage.They had high values in MS and TC,but a decreased value in RCA.The finished silk goods such as woman' blouses or shirts,shawls and neckties represented relatively weak competitiveness.These results illustrated that China is still a country of raw silk material exporter.The exports of low profit natural silk and satin products had a large proportion,while its high profit finished silk goods had a low international market share.In order to enhance the international competitiveness of China's silk products,it is suggested to establish specialized and large scale cocoon production bases in the middle and west of China to produce high quality cocoons to ensure raw material quality of high grade silk products.On the other hand,effort should be made to strengthen product design and development,production technology,and products marketing of the enterprises engaged in production of finished silk products.Moreover,the production equipment is to be improved,a handful of high grade silk brands with international fame are to be established,and the export quantity and value of high value-added silk products are to be increased.