不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园土壤性状的影响

为探明不同有机肥对梨树生长和果园土壤生物性状的影响,通过田间小区试验研究了不施肥处理(CK)、传统施肥(TF)、生物有机肥(BOF)、鸡粪堆肥(CM)及有机无机复混肥(CF)对黄冠梨树地上部生长、产量和品质、土壤微生物量碳氮和矿质态氮含量动态变化的影响.结果表明,(1)各处理均增加了叶面积、百叶重及新梢长度,果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比也有不同程度提高,其中BOF处理效果最好,与CK相比BOF处理单果重和产量分别增加了17.4％和33.9％；(2)与CK和TF相比,其它有机肥处理在整个生育期均增加了土壤微生物数量及微生物量碳氮含量,且两者呈先增加后下降趋势；(3)梨园土壤中的矿质态氮以硝态氮为主,从萌芽期至二次膨大期各施肥处理矿质态氮含量逐渐下降,降幅为78.9％～88.7％,成熟期BOF处理的土壤矿质态氮含量高于其它处理.可见,施用有机肥可以促进树体生长,提高土壤微生物数量,改善土壤供氮特性.

Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth and soil property in Huangguan pear orchard

In order to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on pear tree growth and soil biological property, a field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different fertilizer managements on the aboveground growth, yield, quality of pear and changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in Huangguan pear orchards. There were five fertilizer treatments, no fertilization (CK), traditional fertilizer (TF), bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), chicken manure compost (CM) and organic inorganic compound fertilizer (CF). The results show that the applications of organic fertilizer enhance the leaf area, weight of 100 leaves and length of new shoots. Meanwhile, the contents of fruit soluble solid and soluble sugar and ratio of total sugar to organic acids are also improved, especially in the treatment of BOF. The fruit weights and yields in the treatment of BOF are increased by 17.4% and 33.9%, respectively compared with the CK. Different organic fertilizer treatments could improve the soil microbial quantity and contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in the whole growth period compared with the CK and CF. The mineral nitrogen is mainly made up of nitrate and it decreases gradually from the germination stage to the second expanding stage in different fertilizer treatments. At the maturity the content of nitrate in the treatment of BOF is significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer could promote tree growth, improve soil microbial quantity and ameliorate soil nitrogen supply.