Carbon flow into microbial and fungal biomass as a basis for the belowground food web of agroecosystems |
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| Authors: | Susanne Kramer Sven Marhan Liliane Ruess Wolfgang Armbruster Olaf Butenschoen Heike Haslwimmer Yakov Kuzyakov Johanna Pausch Nicole Scheunemann Jochen Schoene Andreas Schmalwasser Kai Uwe Totsche Frank Walker Stefan Scheu Ellen Kandeler |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Institute of Biology, Ecology Section, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;3. Institute of Food Chemistry, Food and Analytical Chemistry Section, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;4. J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen University, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;5. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Göttingen University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;6. Department of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95444 Bayreuth, Germany;7. Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;8. Institute of Geosciences, Hydrogeology Section, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The origin and quantity of plant inputs to soil are primary factors controlling the size and structure of the soil microbial community. The present study aimed to elucidate and quantify the carbon (C) flow from both root and shoot litter residues into soil organic, extractable, microbial and fungal C pools. Using the shift in C stable isotope values associated with replacing C3 by C4 plants we followed root- vs. shoot litter-derived C resources into different soil C pools. We established the following treatments: Corn Maize (CM), Fodder Maize (FM), Wheat + maize Litter (WL) and Wheat (W) as reference. The Corn Maize treatment provided root- as well as shoot litter-derived C (without corn cobs) whereas Fodder Maize (FM) provided only root-derived C (aboveground shoot material was removed). Maize shoot litter was applied on the Wheat + maize Litter (WL) plots to trace the incorporation of C4 litter C into soil microorganisms. Soil samples were taken three times per year (summer, autumn, winter) over two growing seasons. Maize-derived C signal was detectable after three to six months in the following pools: soil organic C (Corg), extractable organic C (EOC), microbial biomass (Cmic) and fungal biomass (ergosterol). In spite of the lower amounts of root- than of shoot litter-derived C inputs, similar amounts were incorporated into each of the C pools in the FM and WL treatments, indicating greater importance of the root- than shoot litter-derived resources for the soil microorganisms as a basis for the belowground food web. In the CM plots twice as much maize-derived C was incorporated into the pools. After two years, maize-derived C in the CM treatment contributed 14.1, 24.7, 46.6 and 76.2% to Corg, EOC, Cmic and ergosterol pools, respectively. Fungi incorporated maize-derived C to a greater extent than did total soil microbial biomass. |
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