体细胞杂交在油菜细胞质雄性不育创建和改良中的应用

油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用，但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多，所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制，还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组，是一种快速有效、应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展，并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。

Induction and Improvement of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Oilseed Brassica by Somatic Hybridization

Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) has been widely used as an efficient pollination control system for oilseed rape hybrid production.The natural occurrence of CMS,however,has rarely been found in Brassica species,with Polima CMS as the only useful one for hybrid production.Hence the transfer and induction of new male sterile cytoplasm is very important for the application of heterosis in Brassica crops.Somatic hybridization as an approach for the transfer and induction of CMS is highly efficient because it bypasses sexual incompatibility and recombines the cytoplasmic genomes of two parental lines.It is reviewed in this paper that the transfer and induction of CMS trait within species or between species and genera by protoplast fusion methodology establish valuable CMS in agriculturally important species or varieties of oilseed Brassica.The perspective of somatic hybridization and the potential of the established novel CMS systems for oilseed rape hybrid improvement are also discussed.