草原生态保护补助奖励政策下农牧复合经营问题与对策

目的] 分析草原生态保护补助奖励政策下农牧复合经营情况。方法] 以内蒙古巴林右旗X村农牧复合经营户为对象,通过查阅文献和入户调查获取数据;运用案例分析法研究其基本特征、享受政策性补贴情况以及影响因素;使用利益最大化分析法分析农牧复合经营家庭收支情况;应用归纳推理分析法总结研究结果,并针对存在的问题提出对策建议。结果] 农牧户的家畜舍饲圈养时间较长,一般为4.5个月,成为农牧复合经营成本增加的主要原因;虽然养殖规模大的农牧户租用他人草场和饲料生产基地,但大、中规模户的放牧密度明显高于该地区放牧密度标准,出现过度放牧的现象;中、小规模户的禁牧补贴基本弥补了禁牧期间增长的饲草料费用,但大规模户的禁牧补贴不足以弥补禁牧期间增长的饲草料费用,从而出现禁牧期间放牧的现象;大、中规模户的主要收入来源于家庭经营性收入,而小规模户以政策性补贴为主的转移性收入接近家庭经营性收入,说明是以草原生态换来的规模经济效益。针对上述问题提出了修订放牧标准、借鉴“蹄腿理论”经验、推行“三变改革”制度、改变草原生态保护补奖资金发放方式等对策建议。结论] 明晰了草原生态保护补助奖励政策下农牧复合经营现状及存在的问题,为农牧复合经营户增收和草原生态保护补奖政策的精准、有效实施提供了参考。

Issues and Solutions of Integrated Management of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry under the Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Incentive Policy

Objective] To analyze the current state of agriculture and animal husbandry integrated management under the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policy. Method] The households engaging in integrated management of agriculture and animal husbandry in X village, Bairin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, are taken as research objects, and the data are gathered through literature review and household survey. The case analysis approach is used to analyze their fundamental features, application of policy subsidies and associated influencing factors. The benefit maximization analysis method is employed to assess the revenue and expenditure of the households engaging in integrated management of agriculture and animal husbandry. The inductive reasoning analysis approach is utilized to summarize the research findings and propose solutions to the issues arisen. Result] Livestock are reared in confined mode for extended time, usually 4.5 months, which has become the primary cause of the increased operating costs for households engaging in integrated management of agriculture and animal husbandry. Although renting others′ pasture and forage planting base, grazing density of large- and medium-scale households is still significantly higher than the grazing density standard in this area, resulting in overgrazing. Grazing prohibition subsidies of medium- and small-scale households basically make up for the increased forage costs during the grazing prohibition period. However, the subsidy is insufficient for the large-scale households to cover the increased forage costs during the grazing restriction period, leading in grazing during the prohibition period. The main source of revenue for large- and medium-scale households is family operating income, whereas the transfer income of small-scale households dominates by the policy subsidy and is close to the entire family operating income, showing that the scale economies effect are gained at the expense of grassland ecology. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in light of the aforementioned issues, including revising grazing standards, learning from the ′hoof and leg theory′ experience, implementing the ′three changes reform′ system, and changing the distribution mode of grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive funds. Conclusion] This paper clarifies the current situation and existing problems in agriculture and animal husbandry integrated management under the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policy, and provides references for the income increasing of households engaging in integrated management of agriculture and animal husbandry as well as the accurate and effective implementation of the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policy.