不同植保机械施药对棉蚜防效的影响

为研究不同植保机械施药对棉蚜防治效果的影响,探索防治棉蚜的最佳植保机械。使用3种植保机械,即喷杆喷雾机、喷枪、植保无人飞机进行了棉田施药试验,以虫口减退率与校正防效为指标,考察了3种植保机械对棉蚜的防治效果。考虑到雾滴在棉花叶片上的沉积效果对棉蚜防治效果的影响,综合对比了3种植保机械在棉花叶片上的雾滴沉积效果。试验结果表明:3种植保机械在水敏纸上的雾滴沉积密度和覆盖率整体趋势为上层>下层,正面>反面;雾滴沉积均匀性趋势为植保无人飞机>喷杆喷雾机>喷枪,正面>反面,上层>下层;植保无人飞机在水敏纸上的雾滴沉积分布整体好于其它两种植保机械。3种植保机械在相同部位水敏纸上的雾滴沉积密度和覆盖率均存在显著性差异,喷杆喷雾机可用于爆发性病虫害的防治。3种植保机械施药后第10天均能达到对棉蚜的防效指标,且喷杆喷雾机最佳;各植保机械药后第10天对棉蚜的防效没有显著性差异,而植保无人飞机比其它两种植保机械节省60倍的水量和药液。研究结果可为棉花田间施药机械的使用和作业条件的选择提供参考。

Effects of Differentplant Protection Machinery on Aphid Control

In order to study the effects of different plant protection machinery on the control of cotton aphid and explore the best plant protection machinery for the control of cotton aphid.In this paper,three planting protection machinery wereused:a rod sprayer,a spray gun,and a UAV to carry out pesticide application experiments in the cotton field.The controleffect of three plant protection machinery on cotton aphid was estimated with the rate of insect population decline and thecorrection conrtol efficiency.Considering the influence of the deposition effect of droplets on cotton leaves on the preventio-n and control effect of cotton aphid,the droplet deposition effect of the three plant protection machinery on cotton leaveswas comprehensively compared at the same time.Experimental results show that the overall trend of the droplet depositiondensity and coverageof three plant protection machinery on water sensitivity of paper is:the upper>the lower,the front>theopposite,the droplet deposition uniformity trend is:the UAV>the rod sprayer>the spray gun,the front>the opposite,the upper>the lower,the droplets deposition distribution of the UAV on water sensitivity of paper is overall better than the other twoplant protection machinery.There were significant differences in the deposition density and coverage of the water sensitive paper of three plant protection machinery at the same site.The rod sprayer can be used for the control of explosive diseas-es and insect pests.The plant protection machinery can reach the control effect index on the 10th day after application,a-mong which the rod sprayer is the best.The 10th day after the application of each plant protection machinery,there was n-o significant difference in their correction control efficiency on cotton aphid,and the UAV could save 60 times of water and pesticide than the other two plant protection machinery.The results of this study can be used as a reference for the a-pplication of plant protection machinery and the selection of operating conditions in the cotton fields.