谷子籽粒的冲击损伤试验与分析

作物籽粒在播种、脱粒等作业过程中,受到的作用力更多地体现为冲击载荷作用。为研究冲击载荷对谷子籽粒损伤情况的影响,分别对不同品种、不同含水率的谷子籽粒施加不同大小的冲击载荷进行损伤试验。试验结果表明:冲击载荷对谷子籽粒破损影响极显著(P<0.001),破损率随着冲击载荷的增大而增大,冲击载荷小于11.9N时,种子破损率非常低,而冲击载荷大于35.9N时,籽粒几乎全部破损;含水率对谷子籽粒破损率影响极显著(P<0.001),随着含水率的增大,同一种谷子籽粒的抗冲击能力相应提高;品种对谷子籽粒破损率影响显著(P=0.005),不同品种的谷子籽粒,在冲击载荷作用下体现出不同的抗破损能力。试验所选的4种谷子籽粒,晋谷21品种的抗冲击能力较好,沁州黄品种的抗冲击能力最差。研究结果可为谷子播种、收获、加工等相关机械的设计及参数优化提供参考。

Experimental Research of Millet Grain at the Impacting Load

In the process of sowing and threshing,the acting force of crop grain is more reflected as the impacting load.In order to study the effect of impacting load on the damage of millet grain,different impacting loads were applied to the grain of different varieties and different moisture contents.Results]The results showed that the impacting load had a very significant effect on the damage of millet grain(P<0.001),and the damage rate increased with the increase of the impacting load.When the impacting load was less than 11.9N,the damage rate of millet grain was very low;while when the impacting load was more than 35.9N,the millet grains were almost completely broken.Moisture content had an extremely significant influence on the damage rate of millet grain(P<0.001).With the increase of moisture content,the impact resistance of grain of the same kind of millet increased correspondingly.The varieties had a significant influence on the damage rate of millet grain(P=0.005).Different varieties of millet grain showed different damage resistance abilities under impacting load.Of the four kinds of millet grains selected in this paper,Jingu-21 has a better impact resistance,while Qinzhouhuang has the worst.The results can provide reference for the design and parameter optimization of millet sowing,harvesting,processing and other related machinery.