毛乌素沙化草地植被群落特征及物种多样性对不同生态修复措施的响应

目的] 研究不同生态修复措施对毛乌素沙化草地植被群落特征及物种多样性的影响。方法] 以围封作为对照（Ⅳ）,采用施肥（Ⅰ）、补播（Ⅱ）、喷藻（Ⅲ）、藻类补播拌种（Ⅴ）和施肥+补播（Ⅵ）措施对内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗苏力德苏木沙化草地进行修复,通过监测植被群落特征及计算物种多样性指标,评价其对生态修复措施的响应。结果] 施肥（Ⅰ）、补播（Ⅱ）、喷藻（Ⅲ）、藻类补播拌种（Ⅴ）和施肥+补播（Ⅵ）处理区的植被群落平均高度均显著（P<0.05）高于对照区（Ⅳ）;藻类补播拌种（Ⅴ）处理区的植被群落盖度、密度和地上生物量显著（P<0.05）高于其他5个处理区;施肥（Ⅰ）处理区的植物种类最多,共20种;补播（Ⅱ）处理区最少,共10种;喷藻（Ⅲ）、施肥（Ⅰ）和藻类补播拌种（Ⅴ）处理区的Margarlef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高,显著（P<0.05）高于其他处理组。结论] 不同修复措施对于沙化草地植被群落特征及物种多样性均有显著影响。喷藻或拌藻、施肥等具有养分输入作用的修复措施对短期内修复沙化草地具有显著效果,修复后植物种类、物种丰富度明显增加,植被群落变得相对复杂。

Responses of Vegetation Community Characteristics and Species Diversity to Different Ecological Restoration Measures in Mu Us Desertified Grassland

Objective] To assess the effects of various ecological restoration measures on vegetation community characteristics and species diversity in Mu Us desertified grassland. Method] To restore the desertified grassland in Sulide Sumu, Uxin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, using enclosure as control （Ⅳ）, the measures of fertilization （Ⅰ）, reseeding (Ⅱ), algae spraying （Ⅲ）, algae reseeding and seed dressing （Ⅴ）, and fertilization+reseeding （Ⅵ） were utilized. The responses to these ecological restoration strategies were assessed by monitoring the vegetation community characteristics and calculating the species diversity indexes. Result] The average height of vegetation community in the treatment areas of fertilization （Ⅰ）, reseeding （Ⅱ）, algae spraying （Ⅲ）, algae reseeding and seed dressing （Ⅴ）, and fertilization+reseeding （Ⅵ） was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the control area （Ⅳ）. The vegetation community coverage, density and above ground biomass in the treatment area of algae reseeding and seed dressing （Ⅴ） were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those in the other five treatment areas. The treatment area of fertilization （Ⅰ） had the most plant species with a total of 20 species, while that of reseeding （Ⅱ） had the least with a total of 10 species. The Margarlef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the treatment areas of algae spraying （Ⅲ）, fertilization （Ⅰ）, and algae reseeding and seed dressing （Ⅴ） were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those in the other treatment areas. Conclusion] The vegetation community characteristics and species diversity in the desertified grassland were significantly affected by various restoration measures. The procedures involving nutrient input, such as algae spraying or dressing, and fertilization, had a significant short-term effect on the rapid restoration of desertified grassland. Plant species and species richness raised dramatically following restoration, and the vegetation communities became relatively complex.