花果兼用梅新品种选育研究

通过对云南、湖北、江苏、广东、山东、北京等地大型梅花品种资源圃以及果梅种植基地的梅花种质资源进行实地调查,选出花色、花径、花瓣数量、果实质量、可溶性固形物、总酸量、果实可食率7个性状作为花果兼用梅新品种选育的选择标准。根据花果兼用梅新品种的选择标准,在云南丽江和山东青岛通过实生选育以及杂交育种等方式开展了花果兼用梅新品种的选育研究。在云南丽江通过实生选育方式在所选的果梅优株中选育出‘江边7号’、‘拉市优4’、‘七河4号’、‘七河14号’、‘七河21号’5个花果兼用梅新品种,在山东青岛梅园通过芽变选种选育出‘黄绿萼’、‘彦文丰后’、‘舞丰后’、‘明晓丰后’4个抗寒花果兼用梅新品种。

New cultivar breeding of Prunus mume for both ornamental value and fruit production

Based on field investigations of Prunus mume cultivars in large mume resource nurseries and fruit mume planting bases in Yunnan,Hubei,Jiangsu,Guangdong and Shandong provinces and Beijing,we identified seven characteristics,i.e.,flower color,flower diameter,number of petals,average weight,soluble solid contents,average total acids and proportion of edible parts.These characteristics were applied as criteria for selection of new cultivars.According to the criteria,we carried out new cultivar breeding for both flower and fruit purposes in Qingdao of Shandong Province and Lijiang of Yunnan Province.Five new P.mume cultivars for both flower and fruit purposes,i.e.,’Qihe No.4’,’Qihe No.14’,’Qihe No.21’,’Lashiyou No.4’ and ’Jiangbian No.4’,were selected through seedling breeding in superior mume plants in Lijiang.Four new cold-resistant cultivars,i.e.,’Huang Lü’e’,’Yanwen Fenghou’,’Wu Fenghou’ and ’Mingxiao Fenghou’,were selected through variable bud selection in the mume nursery of Qingdao.