白洋淀生态环境变化及影响因素分析

为明确白洋淀生态环境变化,归纳总结了其水文、水量、水质、水生生物和景观格局变化,采用相关性分析法和曲线回归法分别分析了各生态环境要素的相关性与生态环境退化的影响因素。结果表明:白洋淀入淀水量逐年减少,蒸发量增加,水质下降,水生生物种类和数量减小,湿地景观向非湿地景观转化的比例增大,景观破碎化程度增加;水文要素、水质与水生生物之间存在一定相关性,流域用水增加及气候变化共同导致的入淀水量减少,是水质下降、湿地面积减少和浮游动物种类减少的重要影响因子。未来应加强生态补水,优化流域社会经济发展,推进流域水污染深度治理,实施湿地生态修复与连通性建设,改善生态环境状况。

Ecological environmental changes and influencing analysis in Baiyangdian Lake

In order to know the changes of Baiyangdian ecological environment, they changes in hydrology, water quantity, water quality, aquatic organisms, and landscape pattern in Baiyangdian Lake were summarized, and the correlation among the ecological environmental factors and influencing factors of ecological environmental degradation were analyzed by correlation analysis and curve regression analysis. The results showed that the water quantity, water quality, aquatic organism species, and aquatic organism quantity of Baiyangdian Lake decreased each year, while evaporation, the proportion of the wetland landscape transformed into non-wetland landscape, and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased. There were some correlations among the changes in aquatic organisms, hydrology elements, and water quality. The decrease in water inflow caused by the increase in water use and climate change in the watershed may be an important factor affecting water pollution, wetland area decrease, and zooplankton species decline. We should establish a stable ecological water supply mechanism, optimize the socio-economic development model, implement the deep treatment of waste water, strengthen the ecological restoration of wetlands and wetland channel hydrological connectivity, and improve the ecological environment of Baiyangdian Lake in the future.