国内外生物质成型燃料质量标准现状

中国生物质成型燃料标准体系建设初步取得了一些成效,但与欧美发达国家相比标准制定工作进展较为缓慢,一定程度上制约了产业发展。该研究分析了国内外生物质成型燃料标准体系和质量认证体系现状,研究生物质成型燃料质量影响因素及质量要求;与ISO国际标准比较,分析了木质、非木质生物质成型燃料各指标质量分级要求,结合中国国情,提出中国生物质成型燃料质量标准仍需进一步完善。同时与国内煤炭质量相关标准进行比较,生物质成型燃料灰分含量低,硫含量、砷和汞等重金属含量极低,对环境友好,是良好的替代散煤的固体燃料。通过研究提出建议成立生物质成型燃料国家标委会,亟需制定质量分级和污染物排放国家标准,并应区分商用、民用以及工业用等不同应用对象的燃料质量要求。

Quality standard system of densified biomass fuels at home and abroad

Abstract: Densified biomass fuel is easy to use, clean and environmentally friendly, has high combustion efficiency, and is easy to store and transport. Densified biomass fuel can directly replace coal. It can be used as cooking fuel for rural residents, as well as for urban heating and power generation. It is one of the main directions for the utilization of biomass energy. Densified biomass fuel technology in Europe and the United States is at the forefront, the standard system is relatively complete, the product quality and certification system are mature, and a commercial market operation mode has been formed. The construction of China''s densified biomass fuels standard system has achieved some initial results and 11 national standards and 38 industry standards have been formulated. However, compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, the progress of standard setting is relatively slow, and there is still a certain gap between the systematicness and comprehensiveness of standards, which restricts the development of the industry to a certain extent. This article analyzes the current status of the domestic and international densified biomass fuels standard system and quality certification system, and improves the fuel storage and transportation links (such as: Fuel quality assurance, safe handling and storage, self-heating, bridging behavior of the bulk biofuels, etc.) and application links (such as: Combustion pollutant emissions) and other related standards. Compared with the ISO international standard, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of the quality of wood and non-wood densified biomass fuels and the quality classification requirements of various indicators, and proposes that the quality standards of densified biomass fuels in China need to be improved: It is recommended to be in line with international trade and improve the level of wood pellet fuel and secondary quality requirements; combined with the rich national conditions of domestic agricultural biomass resources, facing the domestic market, on the basis of meeting environmental protection and use requirements, supplement heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) and the ash melting point and other indicators are required to further revise and improve the existing caloric requirements of biomass forming fuels such as low calorific value, S, Cl, etc; to supplement the formulation of some index test method standards, such as fines, heavy extraneous materials larger than 3.15 mm, grind ability (thermally treated biomass fuels), the water soluble chloride, sodium, potassium, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn. At the same time, compared with domestic coal quality standards, densified biomass fuels is an environmentally friendly fuel with low ash content, extremely low sulfur content, and extremely low levels of heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury. It is a good solid fuel to replace bulk coal. Finally, it is proposed to establish a national standard committee for biomass formed fuels. Urgently, it is necessary to formulate national standards for quality classification and pollutant emissions, and it is necessary to distinguish the fuel quality requirements of commercial, civil and industrial applications.