马铃薯施肥技术研究

目的对寻甸回族彝族自治县(以下简称寻甸县)马铃薯种植区土壤养分空间分布状况进行研究，为该区马铃薯施肥决策制定提供科学依据。方法根据寻甸县土壤养分采集点数据情况和马铃薯生长对土壤养分的要求，以氮、磷、钾3个土壤养分因子为研究对象，结合云南省1∶25万地理信息数据，借助地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术，采用反距离权重空间插值方法，对采样点数据进行空间插值；参考马铃薯土壤养分划分方法，利用ArcMap软件计算得到肥力等级分布图。结果寻甸回族彝族自治县马铃薯种植过程中对钾肥需求量较高，约有62%的地区速效钾含量处于中等水平；约有78%的地区碱解氮处于比较丰富状态，约有21%的地区处于中等级别；有效磷丰富等级面积约占33%，中等水平面积约占66%。
研究结果针对具体村镇推荐合理施肥，并制作了云南省寻甸回族彝族自治县马铃薯施肥区划专题图。结论本研究得出的氮、磷、钾的施肥推荐模型，为实现研究区域的马铃薯科学施肥提供科学依据，对马铃薯绿色发展有一定的价值。

Research on Planting and Fertilization of Patatos Based on GIS County: A Case Study of Xundian Hui & Yi Nationality Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

PurposeThe spatial distribution of soil nutrients in potato planting areas of Xundian Hui & Yi Nationality Autonomous County was studied to provide scientific basis for potato fertilization decision making.MethodAccording to the data of soil nutrient collection points in Xundian County and the soil nutrients requirement of potato growth, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the research object, combined with the 1∶250 000 geographic information data of Yunnan Province, with the help of geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis technology, using inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation method, spatial interpolation of data of the sample point; the soil nutrient division method of potato was adopted and the area calculation function of ArcMap software was used to form the distribution map of fertility grade.ResultsThrough the analysis of the distribution map of potato fertility grade in Xundian County, the demand for potash fertilizer was high in the potato planting process in Xundian County, and the content of available potassium in 62% area was in the middle level. About 78% area of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was abundant, and about 21% of the area was in the intermediate level.
The area of available P abundance level accounted for about 33%, and the area of available P about 66% was in the middle level. Reasonable fertilization was recommended for specific villages and towns, and the special map of potato fertilization regionalization in Xundian County was made.ConclusionsThe recommended model of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization in this paper provides scientific basis for scientific fertilization of potato in the research area, and it has certain value for the green development of potato.