5个重庆地方猪种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

目的通过微卫星标记评估8个安徽地方猪品种的遗传多样性。方法采用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对FAO-ISAG联合推荐的15个微卫星标记进行分型，并计算有效等位基因数 (N_e)、期望杂合度 (H_e)、多态信息含量 (PIC)、F统计量和遗传距离等参数，探讨品种间的遗传多样性和遗传关系。结果15个微卫星标记共检测到272个等位基因，平均有效等位基因数9.561 2个。8个品种的有效等位基因数在2.445 1~3.786 6之间，期望杂合度在0.532 0~0.714 8之间，多态信息含量在0.369 8~0.890 6之间。F统计量和基因流 (N_m) 分析表明：安徽地方猪品种间存在一定程度的近交和基因流动。基于Nei氏遗传距离 (D_s) 构建系统发生树显示：8个地方猪种可分为两类：一类为皖南花猪；另一类又聚为两小支，一小支为安庆六白猪、圩猪和霍寿黑猪，另一小支为皖北猪、皖南黑猪、枞阳黑猪和定远猪。结论8个安徽地方猪种遗传多样性丰富，群体内存在一定程度的近交和基因流动。结果为安徽地方猪种的保护和利用提供了理论依据。

Rapid DNA extraction of pig ear tissues

Purpose To evaluate genetic diversity of 8 local pig breeds in Anhui Province by using microsatellite DNA markers.MethodThe fifteen microsatellite loci provided by FAO-ISAG organizations were genotyped using PCR and PAGE methods. The genetic diversity and genetic relationship among eight local pig breeds were estimated by effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosis, polymorphism information content, F-statistic, Nei’s genetic distance and other indexes.Results272 alleles were observed at 15 loci. The mean of effective number of alleles per locus was 9.561 2. The effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of eight local pig breeds ranged from 2.445 1~3.786 6, 0.532 0~0.714 8, 0.369 8~0.890 6, respectively. Analysis of F-statistic and gene flow indicated there was a certain degree of inbreeding and gene flow among 8 local pig breeds in Anhui. Dendrogram analysis showed that 8 local pig breeds could be divided into 2 groups. One group is Wannan Spotted pig and another group was clustered into two branches, one is Anqing Liubai, Wei and Huoshou Black pigs, and another is Wanbei, Wannan Black, Zongyang Black and Dingyuan pigs. ConclusionThe study indicated the genetic diversity was abundant in eight Anhui local pigs breeds. There was a certain degree of inbreeding and gene flow among different populations. The results could provide basic genetic information for conservation and utilization of Anhui local pig breeds.