杂交稻新恢复系主要农艺性状的配合力分析

利用5个三系杂交稻不育系（金山2A、福伊A、京福5A、G201A、太香A）和5个杂交稻恢复系（22、制3、404、制6、明恢86）,通过不完全双列杂交配置了25个杂交稻组合,研究了这些新恢复系14个主要农艺性状的配合力。结果表明,14个主要农艺性状的一般配合力方差与特殊配合力方差均达显著或极显著差异水平,并且一般配合力方差明显大于特殊配合力方差,说明杂交稻主要农艺性状的遗传以加性效应为主。除有效穗和播始历期外,父本和母本对株高、穗长、穗颈长、剑叶长、剑叶宽、倒二叶、倒三叶、一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗粒数、千粒重和结实率等12个农艺性状具有同等重要作用。杂交稻亲本的一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力是相互独立的,相同性状的亲本一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力效应不同,因此组合的特殊配合力是关键。制3、制6、404是一般配合力较好的恢复系,它们的杂种综合性状都比较好,是具有较好育种应用前景的恢复系。

Combining ability analysis of the major agronomic traits of some new rice restorers

Five male-sterile lines（Jinshan 2A,Fuyi A,Jingfu 5A,G201A and Taixiang A） and five restorer lines（22,Zhi 3,404,Zhi 6 and Minghui 86） were used to develop 25 crosses in the way of incomplete diallel cross（NCⅡ） to analyze the combining ability in 14 agronomic traits of the new rice restorers.The results indicated that the variance of general combining ability（GCA） and specific combining ability（SCA） for 14 major agronomic traits were significant at 0.05 level or 0.01 level,and the variance of GCA was higher than that of SCA,which showed the additive effect was more important than the non-additive effect for all of the agronomic characters.Except productive panicle and days to heading,A lines and R lines contributed equally to plant height,panicle length,flag leave,first leave length,first leave wides,second leave from top,third leave from top,primary branch,secondary branch,grain number,1000-grain weight and seed-setting.GCA and SCA were independent to each other.The effect of GCA of the same traits were different.The SCA was the foundation and a key factor of a combination.Based on the results we conclued that the Zhi 3,Zhi 6 and 404 were the three new elite R lines.