江苏省4类主要秸秆和畜禽粪便空间分布及综合利用潜力研究

为明晰江苏省农业废弃物资源分布格局并进行利用潜力评估,推进农业废弃物资源化利用,助力农业全面绿色转型,本研究借助GIS构建数据批处理模型,测算各区县水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物的秸秆和猪、牛、羊、家禽4种畜禽的粪便产生量,及其在肥料化、能源化方面的利用潜力理论值,并结合热点分析结果为江苏省农业废弃物综合利用提供政策建议。结果表明：2020年江苏省4种主要作物秸秆可收集总量高达3 972.00万t,以水稻和小麦秸秆为主,集中分布在江苏北部和中部。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论上相当于1 511.89万t有机碳、12.04万t N、1.59万t P、24.49万t K,能源化理论上相当于1 617.52万t标准煤或6.5×10⁹m³沼气;江苏省4种主要畜禽粪便产生总量为4 560.77万t,家禽粪便与猪粪最多,主要分布在东部边界和西北部地区。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论计算相当于737.00万t有机碳、31.15万t N、29.86万t P和26.89万t K,能源化利用可折算成1 036.95万t标准煤或4.9×10⁹m

Spatial distribution and comprehensive utilization potential of four main types of straw and livestock manure in Jiangsu Province

To clarify the distribution pattern of agricultural waste resources in Jiangsu Province and evaluate their utilization potential, promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste, and assist in the comprehensive green transformation of agriculture, In this study, we used GIS to construct a data batch processing model, which was applied to calculate the production of straw from four crops, namely, rice, wheat, corn, and rapeseed, as well as manure derived from four livestock/poultry sources, including pigs, cows, sheep, and poultry, in different districts and counties. The theoretical values of the potential utilization of fertilizer and energy are also analyzed. On the basis of the findings of hotspot analyses, we proposed policy recommendations for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste in Jiangsu Province. The results revealed that in 2020, the total amount of straw collected from the four main crops in Jiangsu Province reached 39.720 0 million tons, mainly rice and wheat straw, with production being concentrated in the northern and central parts of Jiangsu Province. Analyzing the potential of this straw for fertilizer utilization, we established that this straw was theoretically equivalent to 15.118 9 million tons of organic carbon, 120 400 tons of N, 15 900 tons of P, and 244 900 tons of K. In theory, the energy conversion of this material is equivalent to 16.175 2 million tons of standard coal or 6.5×10⁹ m³ of biogas. The total amount of feces produced by the four main types of livestock and poultry in Jiangsu Province was 45.607 7 million tons, with poultry and pig manure being the most abundant, and production being mainly distributed along the eastern provincial border and in the northwest regions. Analyzing the potential of this manure for fertilizer utilization, we obtained theoretical values equivalent to 7.370 0 million tons of organic carbon, 311 500 tons of N, 298 600 tons of P, and 268 900 tons of K. In theory, the energy conversion of this material is equivalent to 10.369 5 million tons of standard coal or 4.9×10⁹ m³ of biogas. At the 99% confidence level, we identified 10 hotspot counties for straw production, 7 for livestock and poultry manure production, and 5 for both straw and livestock/poultry manure production in Jiangsu Province. Hotspot counties for straw production should adopt suitable utilization measures based on the main types of straw, including direct return to the field, production of feed, production of agricultural and sideline products, and edible fungi. Hotspot counties for livestock and poultry manure production are suitable for implementing a recycling model centered on fecal treatment. Dual straw/livestock manure hotspot counties have important advantages in utilizing the combination of planting and breeding to establish a multi-level, diversified, and comprehensive utilization pattern. In addition, Jiangsu Province should establish resource collection and processing centers in a hierarchical and classified manner based on resource aggregation, and synchronously optimize the province''s collection, storage, and transportation network.