稻茬麦不同耕作方式对小麦产量及其产量构成的影响

目的]研究稻茬麦在延期播种条件下,不同耕作方式对半冬性品种小麦产量及其构成的影响,以期找出节本、高产、稳产、增效的耕作方式。方法]小麦品种为洛麦23。采用5种种植方式。试验期间,调查小麦群体动态、产量及其结构、子粒干物质含量。结果]稻茬小麦不同耕作方式的基本苗、高峰苗、有效穗数都表现出差异性,早播浅旋耕(方式5)这3项指标均最高;5种不同耕作方式中,打捆和鼠道犁的耕作方式(方式2)比其他耕作方式成本高,打捆方式的经济效益最低,早播浅旋耕(方式5)的经济效益最高。结论]早播稻茬小麦可以争取足够基本苗,提高分蘖成穗率,增加有效穗数,获得高产。在秸秆还田、提高产量的同时,降低机耕作业成本是增加单位面积效益的途径之一,因此减少灭茬碎垡的作业次数可以作为改进的方向。

Effects of Different Tillage Patterns on Yield and Its Components of Wheat after Rice

Objective ] The aim was to study different tillage patterns on yield and its components of wheat after rice under sowing time exten- ding, and to find out the high yield and stable yield tillage pattern of saving cost and inereasing benefit. Method ] The wheat variety was Luo- mai 23. Five tillage patterns were designed. During test, the population dynamics, yield and its eomponents, grain dry matter content of wheat were investigated. Result] The basic seedlings number, the peak seedlings number and the effective paniele number of wheat after riee under different tillage patterns had difference, thereinto, these three indices of the tillage pattern of early sowing and shallow rotary tillage（ pattern 5 ） were all the highest ; among 5 tillage patterns, the eost of the tillage pattern of bundling and mole plough （ pattern 2 ） was higher than that of the other tillage patterns, the economic benefit of bundling pattern was the lowest, while that of the tillage pattern of early sowing and shallow rota- ry tillage（ pattern 5 ） was the highest. Conelusion] Early sowing wheat after rice ean get the enough basle seedlings number, improve the till- er-earing rate, increase the effective earing number, to obtain high yield. When straw returning into field and improving yield, decreasing ma- chine plough cost is one of the ways of increasing benefie per area, so deereasing the times of stubble ploughing can be as the improvement di- rection.