长江中下游中籼杂交稻区试品种产量成因性状分析

基于2008—2012年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试数据，运用相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析方法，分析了长江中下游地区中籼杂交水稻5年220个参试品种的农艺性状与产量形成的关系，结果表明，有效穗数、每穗总粒数与结实率对产量显著正相关，其中对产量贡献最大的是结实率，千粒重与产量极显著负相关。在长江中下游杂交稻育种过程中，应以每穗总粒数和结实率为中心兼顾有效穗数和千粒重，协调优化产量构成因素的关系，建立良好的群体结构，发挥中籼品种产量的潜力。综合各种分析及结合长江中下游杂交中籼的9t/hm²以上的的高产组合，得出其产量结构是：有效穗数达到255万/hm²左右，株高在122cm以下，每穗总粒数达到180~200粒，结实率80%以上，千粒重27g左右。

Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Mid-season Indica Hybrid Rice in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Based on national rice test of the South area in 2008-2012,the relations between agronomic characters of mid-season indica hybrid rice was analyzed through correlation analysis,path analysis,principal component analysis.The results showed that, the effective panicles,total grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were positive correlated to grain yield,reaching5% significance level,while the largest contribution to the yield was the seed setting rate.And the 1000 grain weight was significantly negative correlated to yield. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,breeding should be based on the total grain number per spike and seed setting rate, meanwhile effective panicle number and 1000 grain weight also should be coordinated.It is important to coordinate the relationship production factors and establish good crop structure to explore indica yield potential.From the analysis and varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river whose yield was 9 t/hm2 above,the best structure is summarized:the effective panicle number per mu about 2250000,plant height below 122 cm; total grain number per panicle between 180-200, seed setting rate above 80%,1000 grain weight about 27 g.