天柱山2011.7.23特大雷电灾害天气动力学分析

为了提高雷电灾害天气预报能力，服务天柱山旅游业。运用安徽省天柱山气象站地面观测气象资料、合肥多普勒天气雷达回波资料和美国NCEP全球分析FNL资料，对2011年7月23日天柱山特大雷电灾害天气过程进行了详细的分析。结果表明，环流特征为测站上空受槽前西南气流及低层较强的暖平流影响，贴地层在西太平洋伸向内陆的热带低压环流内，200 hPa为副热带西风急流。1000~ 700 hPa假相当位温随高度减小近10℃，在T-lnp图上抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度接近1000 hPa高度上，平衡高度伸至200~300 hPa之间，对流有效位能为2058 J/kg，而对流抑制能量在300 hPa以上。14时低层气温和比湿增量大于中高层，表明气层稳定度减小。低层为湿层并有湿舌从东北方向伸向测站，测站位于舌尖端；中高层为干层覆盖，这种湿度垂直分布非常有利雷暴出现。雷暴在雷达回波图上具有明显特征。

Weather Dynamics Analysis of Heavy Lightning Disaster of Tianzhushan on July 23, 2011

The paper aims to improve the lightning disaster weather forecasting ability, and serve Tianzhushan tourism industry. Based on the meteorological observation data in Tianzhushan of Anhui Province, and Hefei Doppler weather radar echo images data, and NCEP FNL global analysis data, the author did meteorological analysis in detail on heavy lightning disaster of Tianzhushan on July 23, 2011. Atmospheric circulation characteristics were that the air above of the observation station was affected by southwest airflow before trough and lower strong warm advection. Surface layer was with tropical depression circulation in the western Pacific to inland, and 200 hPa was subtropical westerly jet. 1000-700 hPa pseudo-equivalent potential temperature decreased nearly 10℃ with height. Lifting condensation level and level of free convection were drawing close to 1000 hPa in T-lnP diagram, and the balance height was 200-300 hPa, CAPE was 2058 J/kg, while convective control energy was more than 300 hPa. The temperature and specific humidity increased significantly greater in low-level than in mid-high level at 14:00, and it showed that atmospheric was not stable. The low-level was wet air, and wet tongue extended to the station in the northeast. The station was located on the tongue tip. Dry air covered the mid-high level. This kind of humidity altitude distribution was good for the formation of thunderstorm. The characteristic of the thunderstorms radar echo was obvious.