解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌剂对雪菜生长和土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响

由于化肥的过度使用对环境的不利影响,微生物肥料的研究得到了广泛关注。实验利用甘薯淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌并将其作为微生物肥料用于雪菜种植。通过盆栽实验考察了尿素(CN)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液(BF)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌灭活菌液(BI)、甘薯淀粉废水(SW)、尿素结合微生物肥料(BC)对蔬菜产量、NO3-、NO2-含量,以及土壤性状,N2O排放的影响。实验表明:BC和CN在蔬菜产量方面比CK提高了5倍。BF和SW对蔬菜产量影响不显著。半量氮肥配合菌肥处理(BCL)表现出与CN相近的增产效果,而蔬菜NO3-含量同CN处理相比下降了16.4%~73.6%,土壤NO3-含量降低了22%~29%,降低了土壤中氮淋溶风险;土壤N2O平均排放通量(FLUX30)较CN处理降低了58.3%~73.1%。综上,利用淀粉废水培养解淀粉芽孢杆菌不仅可以资源化利用废水,并且其产物可作为一种绿色肥料应用于蔬菜种植,为淀粉废水资源化利用和农田温室气体减排提供了一个新思路。

Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biofertilizer on Brassica juncea var. multiceps Growth and N2O Emission from Soil

With the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers and their negative impacts to environment, the research on biofertilizer which could improve soil fertility and promote plant growth has attracted wide attention. In this study, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was continually cultured in shaked-flasks containing wastewater from sweet potato starch production and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3 was used as an effective biofertilizer to cultivate vegetable. The objectives of this greenhouse randomized pot experiment were to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers (CN), biofertilizer (BF), bacteria inactivation culture solution (BI), the starch water (SW) and the combination of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (BC) on the yield and NO3- and NO2- content of the vegetable; NH4 , NO3-, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the soil, and N2O emissions during the experimental period. The results showed that CN and BC provided 5 times higher yield than CK and there was no significant difference between BC and CN on the effect of increasing the vegetable yield. The effect of BF treatment on the yield of vegetable was not obvious, while the effect of the biofertilizer added with half application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (BCL) on plant yield was similar to CN , the NO3- content of vegetables and soil was 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29% lower than that of CN treated vegetables, respectively. BC treatment also reduced the risk of N leaching from the soil and the average N2O discharge fluxes (FLUX30) were 58.3%-73.1% lower than those of the CN. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was found to be a feasible low-cost biofertilizer for sustainable vegetable farming and showed the potential for starch wastewater utilization.