山西芦芽山自然保护区四声杜鹃的生态习性观察

2009～2011年5～8月,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对四声杜鹃的生态习性进行了观察。结果表明,四声杜鹃在本区为夏候鸟,最早5月上旬迁来,最晚8月下旬迁走,居留期为99～111 d。迁来后,该鸟在本区主要在低山疏林地带和村庄附近活动,活动较为敏锐和隐蔽,常能听到叫声,但很少暴露在人前。四声杜鹃在本区的种群密度6、7月最大,每公里遇见数分别为1.17只和1.25只;在8月种群密度最小,每公里遇见数0.47只,种群密度平均为0.89只/km。该鸟为卵寄生性繁殖,自己不营巢,本区发现雌鸟把卵产在山噪鹛的繁殖窝里,让山噪鹛代其孵化和育雏,本窝寄生卵2枚,卵重3.3 g和3.5 g,卵大小为22×17 mm～23×18 mm。卵经山噪鹛义鸟孵化18 d后出壳,雏鸟仍由山噪鹛喂育14 d后离巢。四声杜鹃主要以昆虫为食,昆虫食物量占总食物量的95.5%,其中松毛虫所占比例最大,占昆虫食物重量的24.1%。该鸟为重要的农林益鸟,应予以保护。

On the Ecologicy of Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus in Luya National Nature Reserve,Shanxi Province

We studied the ecology of Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus in Luyashan National Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province during May to August each year from 2009 to 2011.Upon arrival,cuckoos occupied the low mountains and sparse woods near villages.Cuckoo activity was alert and secretive,their calls were often heard but few were seen.Maximum population density was recorded in June and July,at 1.17 birds/km and 1.25 bird/km,respectively.Minimum density was in August,at 0.47 birds/km.Average population density was 0.89 birds/km.Indian Cuckoo is a nest parasite,laying eggs in nests of Garrulax davidi.G.davidi incubated Indian Cuckoo eggs and brooded their chicks.We observed on Indian Cuckoo that laid two eggs weighing 3.3 g and 3.5 g,and measuring 22×17 mm and 23×18 mm.The eggs hatched after 18 days and G.davidi fed the nestlings for 14 days when the chicks fledged.Indian Cuckoo fed mainly on insects,which accounted for 95.5%of their diet. Dendrolimus punctatus was the most common insect prey,accounting for 24.1%of the total weight of insect food.Indian Cuckoo is an important species for agriculture and forestry,and should be protected.