黑龙江青云林场野猪危害调查及防治

人和野猪的冲突已经成为日益关注的问题。2010年6-10月，在黑龙江省尚志市青云林场利用走访和问卷调查对野猪危害进行了研究，并通过散布东北虎粪便、放置东北虎图像、播放东北虎声音的方法对野猪危害进行了防治并与当地居民防治野猪危害的措施进行了比较。结果如下：（1）野猪危害多在夏初至秋末，主要危害玉米和西葫芦，受危害的农田多是林缘地和林间地。（2）把野猪第2次进入农田与第1次进入农田的间隔天数作为防治措施的有效性评估指标，研究发现利用东北虎粪便、图像、声音防治野猪危害的有效期分别是3．00±0．58d、1．33±0．33d、5．25±0．63d。（3）林场84．09％的居民会采取防治措施，防治措施有效期一般是3-7d。（4）利用东北虎粪便和图像防治野猪危害的效果与林场大多数居民采取的防治措施效果相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。利用声音防治危害的效果只与利用塑料绳围栏（P=0．029）和干扰物（P=0．029）的防治效果相比差异显著。利用东北虎粪便、图像和声音防治野猪危害效果不理想可能和这个地区东北虎消失时间比较长有关。

Survey and Control of Wild Boar Sus scrofa Damage in Qingyun Forest, Heilongjiang Province

In recent years,the frequency of conflicts between wild boar and humans has increased.From June to October 2010,we surveyed crop damage caused by wild boar in Qingyun forest in Shangzhi County,Heilongjiang Province using questionnaires and field investigations.Wild boar damage took place almost from early summer to late autumn and the main crops damaged by wild boar were com and squash,mainly in fields located near the forest edge or in the forest We conducted field experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of various measures intended to deter wild boar from damaging crops.Measures included placement of tiger faeces at the perimeter of crop areas,playing of recorded tiger vocalizations,placement of life - sized photos of tiger faces at crop perimeters,and placement of life - sized models of Siberian tigers at crop perimeters.We defined an index for the effectiveness of these measures as the interval between the first entry of boar to a given field(the date when the preventive measure was installed) and the next entry of boar to the same field.The mean number of effective days when using faeces,image models and vocalizations of Siberian tiger were 3.00±0.58 days,1.33±0.33 days and 5.25±0.63 days,respectively. Most of the local people in Qingyun(84.09%) implemented other measures whose effectiveness lasted from 3 to 7 days.The mean number of effective days was not significantly different between faeces and image models of the tiger and the traditional prevention measures implemented by the most of the local residents(P > 0.05 ).While the mean effective days showed significant difference between sounds of tiger and plastic fence(P = 0.029) and disruptors(P = 0.029 ) implemented by the forest residents.This might be explained in part by the fact that the native Siberian tiger disappeared many years earlier from Qingyun forest farm,Heilongjiang.