气动翻转梳齿式菊花采摘装置设计与试验

针对菊花人工采摘效率低、尚未实现机械化等问题，设计了一种气动翻转梳齿式菊花采摘装置。该采摘装置主要由采摘部件、清齿部件、气动抛送机构、丝杠升降机构、行走装置和收集装置等组成，利用梳齿的梳刷作用将花朵采摘下来，借助清齿部件和气动抛送机构完成收集工作，采摘部件的工作高度通过丝杠升降机构进行调节。根据菊花的生长特性和采摘要求，确定了采摘部件中偏置曲柄滑块机构和采摘梳齿的结构参数和运动参数。搭建了采摘样机，以曲柄转速、梳齿间距、机器行驶速度为试验因素，以采摘率、损伤率和含杂率为试验指标，进行了三元二次回归组合试验，建立了因素与指标间数学模型并确定了最优的参数组合，试验表明：在曲柄转速为47.94r/min、梳齿间距为8mm、机器行驶速度为0.17m/s的因素水平组合下，采摘效果最佳。此时，采摘率为92%，损伤率为1.83%，含杂率为10%。该气动翻转梳齿式菊花采摘装置运行稳定，通过性良好，满足菊花采摘的农艺要求。

Design and Test of Pneumatic Flipping Comb-type Chrysanthemum Picking Device

In view of the low efficiency of manual picking of chrysanthemum and the lack of mechanization, a pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device was designed based on the idea of reciprocating motion of picking parts. The picking device was mainly composed of picking part, tooth cleaning part, pneumatic throwing device, screw lifting mechanism, walking device and collecting device, etc. The flowers were picked by the combing action of the comb teeth, and the collecting work was completed by the tooth cleaning part and pneumatic throwing device, and the working height of the picking part can be adjusted by the screw lifting mechanism. Based on the analysis of the growth characteristics and picking requirements of chrysanthemums, a pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device was designed. The working principle of the picking device was analyzed, the force analysis and theoretical calculation were passed and the structure and working parameters of each component were determined. A prototype picking machine was built, and a ternary quadratic regression combination test was conducted with crank speed, comb spacing and machine driving speed as the test factors, and the picking rate, breakage rate and impurity rate as the test indexes, a mathematical model between the factors and indexes was established, and the optimal combination of parameters was determined. The best picking effect was achieved when the crank speed was 47.94 r/min, the comb spacing was 8mm and the machine driving speed was 0.17 m/s. At this time, the picking rate was 92%, the breakage rate was 1.83%, and the impurity rate was 10%. This pneumatic flipping comb-type chrysanthemum picking device had stable operation and good passability, which met the agronomic requirements of chrysanthemum picking.