含氯化肥不同施用量对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响及其后效

[目的]猕猴桃为喜氯作物,充足的含氯肥料能提高猕猴桃产量.研究猕猴桃的适宜含氯肥料用量,及过量施用含氯肥料是否会影响猕猴桃的产量及其后效,为猕猴桃园合理施用含氯肥料提供科学依据.[方法]在猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)园设置不同用量含氯化肥试验,共设5个施氯水平0(Cl-0)、170(Cl-170)、...

Residual effects of chloride-containing fertilizers on kiwifruit yield and quality

  【Objectives】  Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa ) is a chlorine-preferring plant, and appropriate amount of chloride-containing fertilizer can increase the yield of kiwifruit. Thus, we studied the effect of Cl–-containing fertilizer on kiwifruit to understand best application rate of Cl–-containing fertilizer on the yield of kiwifruit, to provide scientific basis for the rational application of chloride-containing fertilizers in kiwifruit orchard.  【Methods】  We applied Cl– containing fertilizers to kiwifruit orchard for three consecutive years (2014– 2017). The five application levels of chlorine were: 0 kg/hm2 (Cl-0), 170 kg/hm2 (Cl-170), 340 kg/hm2 (Cl-340), 910 kg/hm2 (Cl-910) and 1480 kg/hm2 (Cl-1480). The fruit yield, quality and soil Cl– content in 0–300 cm soil depth were monitored in 2017 and two years after cessation of Cl–-containing fertilizer application (2018–2019).  【Results】  In 2019, Cl-170, Cl-340, and Cl-910 treatments increased fruit yield by 7.5%, 11.9% and 18.0%, respectively, while the fruit yield in Cl-1480 was similar to that in Cl-0. The Cl–contents in shoots, leaves and fruits in Cl-170, Cl-340 and Cl-910 were similar to that in Cl-0. The Cl– contents in fruits and branches in Cl-1480 were significantly higher than those in Cl-0. The Cl– accumulated in 100–300 cm soil depth, regardless of application levels of Cl–containing fertilizer and application years. Complete leaching of Cl– in the soil was detected at two years after cessation of Cl–-containing fertilizer application.  【Conclusions】  We found Cl-170 was the best chloride-containing fertilizers (170 kg/hm2) that improved the yield and quality of kiwifruit, with relatively low accumulation of chloride ion in soil and plant. Higher rates of chloride-containing fertilizers (Cl 910 and 1480 kg/hm2) resulted in decrease in yield and fruit Vc content, but these adverse effects disappeared immediately after the cessation of fertilizer application. Moreover, the residual effect of chloride-containing fertilizers is good for fruit yield. Thus, application of 170 kg/hm2 chloride-containing fertilizers is recommended in kiwifruit orchard.