不同工艺提取鳀蛋白质原料对黄颡鱼生长性能和生理健康的影响

目的]为了比较不同生产工艺得到的酶解鳀鱼浆（HFP）、鳀鱼鱼溶浆（SW）、酶解鳀鱼鱼溶浆（HSW）、低温烘干鳀鱼粉（L-FM）和常规烘干鳀鱼粉（H-FM）在饲料中的应用效果 。方法]以初始体重为（17.69±0.09）g的黄颡鱼幼鱼为养殖对象 ，以30%的秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉（FM组）为对照，在试验日粮中分别添加酶解鳀鱼浆、鳀鱼鱼溶浆、酶解鳀鱼鱼溶浆、低温烘干鳀鱼粉和常规烘干鳀鱼粉，经过8周池塘网箱养殖试验，比较5种不同生产工艺得到的鳀鱼蛋白质原料对黄颡鱼生长性能的影响。其中，酶解鳀鱼浆在日粮中的添加量为FM组中鱼粉蛋白质量的25%（HFP25组）、45%（HFP45组）和65%（HFP65组）三个剂量梯度；以酶解鳀鱼浆组（HFP45组）添加的酶解鳀鱼浆蛋白含量为基准，与相同蛋白含量的鳀鱼鱼溶浆（SW组）和酶解鳀鱼鱼溶浆（HSW组）进行生长比较；低温烘干鳀鱼粉和常规烘干鳀鱼粉添加量为30%；以上共计8组等氮等脂 日粮，每组设置3个重复，每个重复40尾。结果]试验结果显示：1）与FM组相比，L-FM和H-FM组的SGR和FCR均无显著差异（P>0.05）；2）以FM组为对照，HFP25试验组的SGR降低了3.30%，FCR升高了5.36%，无显著差异（P>0.05），而HFP45和HFP65组的SGR分别降低了10.99%、20.33%，FCR分别升高了21.43%、41.96%，差异显著（P<0.05），并且随着日粮中HFP添加量的增加，SGR、蛋白沉积率（PRR）和脂肪沉积率（FRR）均呈现下降趋势，差异显著（P<0.05）；3）HFP45、SW、HSW三组试验饲料的结果为：HFP具有最高的SGR，而SW的SGR最低，差异不显著（P<0.05）。经酶解处理后的HSW相比SW组SGR升高了2.25%，差异不显著（P>0.05），体组成方面，鱼体水分、蛋白、脂肪和总磷含量变化不显著（P>0.05），灰分变化显著（P<0.05）。结论]研究表明：秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉（FM）、低温烘干鳀鱼粉（L-FM）和常规烘干鳀鱼粉（H-FM）在黄颡鱼生长性能和饲料利用效率方面无显著性差异，但低温烘干鳀鱼粉在黄颡鱼鱼体健康方面优于常规烘干鳀鱼粉；在黄颡鱼日粮中实际添加7.1%的酶解鳀鱼浆可以完全替代30%的鱼粉， 在鱼体生长速度、饲料效率和血清指标等方面具有一定的等效性；日粮中过高添加量的酶解鳀鱼浆会导致黄颡鱼生长速度和饲料效率的下降；不同酶解蛋白原料中，酶解鳀鱼浆（HFP）对黄颡鱼的生长效果最好，鳀鱼鱼溶浆（SW）生长效果最差。此外，经酶解处理后的酶解鳀鱼鱼溶浆（HSW）要优于鳀鱼鱼溶浆（SW）。

Effects of protein ingredients obtained from Japanese anchovy by different processing technologies on yellow catfish growth performance and physiological health (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Objective]In order to compare the effects of hydrolysate fish protein (HFP), stickwater (SW), hydrolysate stickwater (HSW), low-temperature fishmeal (L-FM) and high-temperature fishmeal (H-FM) which obtained from anchovy by different production processes in diets. Method]Juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (17.69±0.09)g were taken as experimental subjects. 30% super steam fishmeal (FM group) was used as control. HFP, SW, HSW, L-FM and H-FM were added into the test diet respectively, After 8 weeks culture experiment, the effects of 5 different production techniques of anchovy protein on growth performance of yellow catfish were compared. Among them, the addition levels of HFP in the diet were designed to be 25% (HFP25 group), 45% (HFP45 group) and 65% (HFP65 group) of the protein content of fish meal in the FM group. The HFP45 group was used as the reference, and the growth of SW and HSW group with the same protein content were compared. 8 experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isolipid, with 3 replicates per group and 40 fish per replicate.Result]The results showed that: 1) Taking the FM group as the control, SGR and FCR in L-FM and H-FM groups were no significantly different (P>0.05); 2) The SGR of HFP25 group was decreased by 3.30%, the FCR was increased by 5.36%, showing no significant difference (P>0.05), the SGR of HFP45 and HFP65 groups was decreased by 10.99% and 20.33%, and the FCR was increased by 21.43% and 41.96%, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). SGR, protein retention rate (PRR) and fat retention rate (FRR) showed a decreasing trend with the increase of HFP level (P<0.05); 3) Among the three protein raw materials of HFP, SW and HSW, HFP group had the highest SGR, while SW group had the lowest SGR, with no significant difference (P<0.05). SGR of HSW group after hydrolysis was 2.25% higher than SW group, with no significant difference(P<0.05). In body composition, there were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and total phosphorus among HFP45, HSW and SW groups(P>0.05), but ash contents were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion]The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance and feed utilization of yellow catfish between FM, L-FM and H-FM, but the fish health was better than H-FM group. there have a equivalence between 7.1%HFP with 30%fish meal in growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical indexes of yellow catfish, high dose of HFP added into the diet will have negative effects on the growth and feed utilization. Among the different hydrolysate protein, HFP had the best growth effect on yellow catfish, while SW had the worst. In addition, HSW after hydrolysis was better than SW.