中国主栽甘蔗品种生物学特性研究

本研究以中国5个主栽甘蔗品种‘桂柳05-136’‘桂糖42号’‘云蔗05-51’‘福农41号’‘新台糖22号’为研究材料,分别在新植蔗和宿根蔗的伸长初期、伸长盛期、成熟期,对不同品种甘蔗叶面积指数（LAI）,完全展开绿叶（+1、中部、基部）的叶面积,株高和茎径进行测定。在甘蔗伸长盛期、成熟期对甘蔗叶片总数、绿叶数进行测定,在甘蔗成熟期对产量、蔗糖分、纤维分、干物质含量等品质指标进行测定,并分析甘蔗的表型发育特征与成熟期产量和糖分的相关性。结果表明,伸长初期各品种新植蔗株高生长速度高于宿根蔗,‘云蔗05-51’的生长速度最快;‘福农41号’的新植蔗和宿根蔗茎径高于其他品种;各品种叶片LAI呈先上升后降低的趋势,伸长盛期宿根蔗LAI高于同时期新植蔗;宿根蔗叶面积在伸长初期显著高于新植蔗,新植蔗叶面积呈现先上升后降低的趋势;宿根蔗较新植蔗具有更高的绿叶率,其中‘桂柳05-136’各时期绿叶率均处于最高。成熟期甘蔗产量和品质检测表明：‘云蔗05-51’产量最高,‘桂柳05-136’蔗糖分最高,‘桂糖42号’纤维分和干物质含量最高,新植蔗‘桂糖42号’产糖量最高,宿根蔗‘桂柳05-136’产糖量最高。相关性分析表明,新植蔗蔗糖分与伸长初期株高、茎径、叶面积显著负相关,宿根蔗产量与生长各时期株高呈显著正相关。本研究发现‘桂柳05-136’宿根蔗具有较好的单位面积产糖量,‘桂糖42号’新植蔗单位面积产糖量较高,‘云蔗05-51’具有较高的产量,不同品种具有的生物学特性有所差异,应结合气候条件和栽培模式,因地制宜地选择合适的品种进行种植。

Biological Characteristics of Main Sugarcane Cultivars in China

In this study, five main sugarcane varieties in China, ‘Guiliu 05-136’, ‘Guitang 42’, ‘Yunzhe 05-51’, ‘Funong 41’, and ‘ROC22’, were used as the research materials. At early stage of elongation, booming elongation stage, and mature stage, the leaf area index (LAI) of different genotypes of sugarcane, the leaf area of fully expanded green leaves (+1, middle, and base), plant height and stalk diameter were measured. The total number of sugarcane leaves and the number of green leaves were measured at booming elongation stage and mature stage. The quality indicators such as yield, sucrose content, fiber content, and dry matter content were measured at mature stage, and the phenotypic characters were analyzed, and the correlation of sugarcane phenotypic characteristics and mature yield and sugar were also analyzed. The results showed that the growth rate in plant cane at early stage of elongation was higher than that of ratoon cane for all the varieties. ‘Yunzhe 05-51’ had the highest growth rate, ‘Funong 41’ had the highest stalk diameter in both plant and ratoon canes. The leaf LAI showed increasing first and then decreasing, and higher in ratoon cane than plant cane at booming elongation stage. The leaf area was significantly higher in ratoon cane than in plant cane at early elongation stage, and that in plant cane showed increasing first and then decreasing. Ratoon cane had higher green leaf rate than plant cane, and ‘Guiliu 05-136’ had the highest green leaf rate for all time. Cane quality analysis at maturity stage showed that the cane yield was the highest in ‘Yunzhe 05-51’, and the sucrose content was the highest in ‘Guiliu 05-136’, the fiber and dry matter contents were the highest in ‘Guitang 42’. ‘Guitang 42’ produced the highest sugar in plant cane, and ‘Guiliu 05-136’ produced the highest sugar in ratoon cane. Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content was significantly negatively correlated with plant height, stalk diameter, leaf area at early elongation stage in plant cane, and cane yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height at each growth stage in ratoon cane. According to the results of this study, ‘Guiliu 05-136’ has a better sugar yield in ratoon cane, ‘Guitang 42’ has a higher sugar yield in plant cane, and ‘Yunzhe 05-51’ has a higher cane yield than other cultivars. Different cultivars have different biological characteristics, so suitable varieties should be selected according to local conditions, considering the combination of climatic conditions and cultivation patterns.