秸秆还田对稻田土壤培肥和水稻产量的影响

以粳型水稻品系2645为材料,设全年还田(水稻秸秆全量还田+小麦秸秆全量还田)(A)、当季还田(水稻秸秆不还田+小麦秸秆全量还田)(B)、对照(水稻秸秆不还田+小麦秸秆不还田)(C)、隔季还田(水稻秸秆全量还田+小麦秸秆不还田)(D)4个处理,研究秸秆还田对水稻产量和稻田土壤培肥的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田处理增加了穗粒数,提高了产量,增产幅度达到3.0%~9.9%。全年还田和当季还田处理降低了土壤的pH值,降低了7.4%~8.8%;经过一年的种植,土壤中的P2O5和K2O含量都有一定的下降趋势,秸秆还田处理可以缓解下降幅度。但与对照相比,全年还田和当季还田处理使土壤有机质含量、土壤全氮含量分别提高了1.8%~5.8%和8.3%~11.2%,NH+4-N、速效钾和速效磷的含量分别增加3.7%~4.2%、25.3%~26.9%和4.1%~4.7%;秸秆对土壤培肥的作用顺序为ABDC,受还田季数影响明显。

The Effects of All Wheat-crop-straw-application on Soil Fertility and Rice Yield in Rice Fields

A japonica rice cultivar 2645 is used and 4 treatments,including the application of all the straw harvested（A）,the wheat crop straw harvested（B）,non straw harvested（C）and the rice crop straw harvested（D）are designed to study the effects of all wheat-crop-straw-applica-tion on rice growth and soil fertility in rice fields.The results show that all wheat-crop-straw-application have increased spikelets per panicle and grain yield by 3.0%-9.9%.A and B reduce the soil pH by 7.4%-8.8%;after 1 years of planting,P2 O5 and K2 O in the soil have a certain decline.Straw application can alleviate the decline.Compared with CK,the soil organic matter content and the soil total nitrogen content of A and B have increased by 1.8%-5.8% and 8.3%-11.2%,conetnt of NH＋4-N,available K and awailable P have also increased by 3.7%-4.2%,25.3%-26.9%,and 4.1%-4.7%.The effect of all straw application on soil fertility is ranked as A〉 B 〉 D 〉 C,which is subj ected to field season.