甘蔗轮作青饲玉米和花生对甘蔗生长和土壤性状的影响

为研究不同轮作模式对蔗田土壤养分、微生物和酶活性以及甘蔗主要农艺性状的影响,设甘蔗连作（A）、青饲玉米–青饲玉米–甘蔗轮作（B）和花生–花生–甘蔗轮作（C）3个种植模式,分别测定了连作和轮作前后蔗田耕作层土壤养分含量、微生物数量和相关酶活性,调查了甘蔗产量主要农艺性状,并分析了不同模式下作物的经济效益。结果表明,与A处理相比,B处理显著提高了土壤全氮和有效磷含量、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性和细菌数,而C处理显著提高了土壤的pH值,水解性氮、有机质和速效钾含量,蔗糖酶、酸性蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性,明显降低了土壤真菌数量,下降了2.47×10⁴个/g。2种轮作模式甘蔗的农艺性状和品质均优于连作,B处理和C处理的出苗率、分蘖率、产量和糖分比均显著或极显著高于A处理。相关性分析结果显示,土壤养分含量和微生物量与相关酶活性呈显著正相关。因此,轮作使甘蔗生产提质增效,可能由于轮作提高了土壤中微生物数量和相关酶活性,进一步改善了蔗区酸性土壤的pH值,加速土壤有效养分的释放,从而促进甘蔗的生长发育,缓解连作障碍,实现经济效益的增长。

Effects of Sugarcane Rotation Green Fodder Corn and Peanut on Sugarcane Growth and Soil Properties

The effects of different rotation patterns on soil nutrients,microbial and enzyme activities of sugarcane fields and main agronomic traits of sugarcane were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating the obstacles of sugarcane continuous cropping in sugarcane areas in China.In this experiment,three cropping modes were set:sugarcane continuous cropping(A),green-fed corn-green-fed corn-sugarcane rotation(B),and peanut-peanut-sugarcane rotation(C).Each pattern was set up with three repeats.Before and after rotation,the soil nutrient content,microbial number and related enzyme activities of the cultivated layer of sugarcane field were investigated.The main agronomic data of sugarcane production were investigated,and the economic benefits of crops under different models were analyzed.The test results showed that,compared with A treatment,B treatment significantly increased the contents of soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus,the activities of catalase and urease,and bacterial count,while C treatment significantly increased the soil pH,the contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium,the activities of invertase,acid protease,acid phosphatase and cellulase,significantly reduced the number of soil fungi by 2.47×10⁴/g.The agronomic traits and quality of sugarcane were better than those of continuous cropping under the two rotation modes.The emergence rate,tillering rate,yield and sugar content of B and C increased significantly or extremely significantly than A.Further correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients and microbial biomass were significantly positively correlated with related enzyme activities.Rotation could promote the quality and efficiency of sugarcane production due to the increase of the number of microorganisms and related enzyme activities in the soil,further improving the pH value of the acid soil in the sugarcane production area,accelerating the release of effective nutrients in the soil,and thus promoting the growth and development of sugarcane to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping and achieve economic growth.