中国熊养殖及其资源保护

从1988年到现在,在野生动物及养熊场方面,已有1个法律、2个条例和至少5个以上的管理规章颁布实施,特别是1992年禁止对熊产品的进出口、1993年《猎枪和弹药工具的管理规定》以及《熊养殖管理技术暂行规定》的出台对养熊业和其资源保护产生了较大的影响;在法律法规执行方面、养熊场和野生动物及其产品贸易控制方面,政府管理部门采取了多项行动。从调查数据和野生动物肇事问题的增多方面可以看出黑熊野生种群数量在上升：通过关闭不符合国家相关规定如卫生条件、健康、技术和活动场所的养熊场等管理措施,使黑熊养殖场由原来的480家降到了现在的68家;活熊取胆技术也得到了较大改进,原来的导管式、铁背心引流技术已被现在的无管引流技术所取代,过去较小的笼养方式现在也得到了较大改善成为较大活动空间的养殖等。经过十多年的努力,熊养殖及其资源保护的进步趋势已经明显表现出来。尽管如此,野生黑熊在较多地区损害庄稼、伤人甚至导致人死亡的事件经常发生。政府管理部门面临着越来越多的动物肇事补偿问题,特别是,作为123种药品的生产原料并涉及到183家制药企业的熊胆粉供给问题。

Bear Breeding and Conservation of its Resource in China

Since 1988, one law, two regulations and at least five administrative policies on conservation and bear farms were promulgated and put into effect, especially relative significant influence were produced by the issuance of the import and export ban of bears and products from bear parts in 1992, "Administrative Regulation on Hunting Guns and their Ammunition" , and Temporary Rules on Bear Breeding Management and Technique" in 1993; government management departments took a series of acts to execute the law and regulations and control bear farms and trade of their products, since then, data from field survey and conflicts between wildlife and human indicated the increase in population number of bears; number of bear farms decreased from 480 to only 68 at present due to their unqualification to national regulations on sanitation, health, technique and active ground for bear farms; techniques for bile collection from live bears improved obviously. After these effects in more than ten years, improvement in bear breeding and resource conservation were obvious, yet management departments of the government must face new problems; economic compensation for damages from conflicts of wild black bears with people; supply of bear bile to manufacture of medicine, etc.