云南低热河谷地区冬季稻飞虱传播的水稻病毒病调查及防治建议

于2012年2月对云南低热河谷地区施甸县、元江县玉米、水稻、黑麦草和稻飞虱调查及样本检测,结果显示,白背飞虱携带南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(SRBSDV),褐飞虱携带水稻齿叶矮缩病毒(RRSV),再生稻感染SRBSDV、水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV)和RRSV,水稻秧苗感染SRBSDV.玉米SRBSDV发病面积占种植面积的36.81％.云南低热河谷地区越冬稻飞虱是早春水稻、玉米病毒病传播的重要介体,再生稻、秧苗、玉米是病毒冬季存续循环的重要寄主和初始毒源.改秋冬种玉米为蔬菜,或推迟玉米播期,晚稻收割后及时翻耕,晚稻收割后至玉米播种期间有1个月以上的空田期,物理阻隔育秧或异地育秧,是切断病毒冬季循环的重要措施.

Investigation on rice virus diseases transmitted by rice plant hoppers in low and hot valley of Yunnan Province in winter and suggestion on virus diseases management

During February 2012, field investigation and sample collection of suspicious infected rice, maize and ryegrass as well as rice plant hoppers (BPH, WBPH, SBPH) were conducted in Shidian and Yuanjiang County, Yunnan where rice virus diseases including SRBSDV and RRSV have spread widely and caused heavy loss. Virus detection tests showed that some WBPHs were viruliferous with SRBSDV and some BPHs with RRSV, meanwhile some ratoon rice were infected with SRBSDV, RBSDV and RRSV respectively or simultaneously. Rice seedling was infected with SRBSDV. Autumn/winter maize in Shidian County was infected severely with SRBSDV by 36.81% infected acreage of growing area. These results suggested that overwintering rice plant hoppers were major vector for virus diseases of early rice and maize in low and hot valley of Yunnan. Ratoon rice, dropping grain rice, early rice seedling, and autumn/winter maize were major hosts of viruses during winter and etiology of virus diseases of early rice. The main measure on management of virus diseases in rice and maize in low and hot valley are to grow vegetables in place of maize in winter, or to postpone sowing date to keep field empty for at least one month between late rice harvest and winter maize sowing, and to cover rice seedling bed with insect net or non woven fabric.