牦牛血红蛋白β链基因多态性分析

研究采用PCR-SSCP技术对110 头牦牛血红蛋白β基因第2 外显子序列进行多态性分析，并对不同的等位基因进行测序，开展等位基因数、核苷酸多态位点、氨基酸多态位点分析。结果表明，110 头牦牛血红蛋白β基因第2 外显子共发现2 个等位基因，其中A为优势等位基因，A等位基因与B等位基因仅在外显子2 第58 位点存在A-T的变异，导致了丝氨酸（Ser）到苏氨酸（Thr）的变异，可能影响血红蛋白与氧的亲合力，是牦牛运氧能力较黄牛佳的原因。与黄牛血红蛋白β基因序列对比发现，牦牛的血红蛋白β链基因序列与黄牛血红蛋β链基因序列的同源性较高，高达98.94%。

Polymorphism Analysis of Hemoglobin Beta Gene in Yak

In this study, the PCR-SSCP technology was used to analyze the polymorphism of hemoglobin beta gene exon 2 in 107 yak, and the analysis of alleles, nucleotide polymorphic loci and amino polymorphic acid were carried out. It is showed that there are two alleles of hemoglobin beta gene exon 2 in 107 yak. Allele A is advantage allele, there is only one variation detected in allele A and allele B at 58 loci（A–T）, which leads to the variation of serine（Ser） to threonine（Thr） and may affect the affinity of hemoglobin and oxygen. This could be the reason that yak＇s capacity of carrying oxygen is better than that of cattle. The hemoglobin beta gene sequence homology is very high between yak and cattle,as high as 98.94%.