不同栽培模式对旱作冬小麦根系生长 时空分布及水分利用的影响

为了研究不同栽培模式对旱作冬小麦根系生长时空分布以及水分利用的影响,利用2个旱作冬小麦品种在覆膜、覆盖有机肥、播量减半、追施氮肥等单因子或综合栽培条件下进行大田实验,测定冬小麦不同生育期的根系生长特征参数和水分消耗特征,综合最终产量及水分利用效率。结果表明,半干旱地区覆膜和有机肥由于明显的保水优势,能提高小麦花后各层根重,尤其是花期60 cm以下深层根量分布,促进水分利用;覆膜和有机肥综合应用时根系生长不一定累积增加,但是产量和水分利用效率提高4%以上;覆膜小麦根系群体调节能力强,播量减半处理后根重增加,产量受影响较低;拔节期追肥显著提高土壤深层根量,使冬小麦土壤水分消耗时间后移,同时配施有机肥使‘长旱58’产量达到7.0 t/hm2,在所有栽培模式中最具产量优势;不同小麦品种对于栽培模式的响应不同,应结合实际生产采用最佳栽培模式以提高产量和水分利用效率。综合以上,不同栽培模式的综合应用将是半干旱地区旱作农业进一步提高产量和水分利用效率可行途径。

Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Root and Water Use of Dry-land Winter Wheat

To study the effects of different cultivations on temporal and spatial distribution of root and water use of dry-land winter wheat, field experiment was conducted in Changwu with different cultivation modes, including film mulching, organic fertilizer, sparse seeding and topdressing nitrogen at elongation stage, to illustrate the root and water consuming characteristics of dry-land wheat. With the analysis of field and water use efficiency at maturity, findings are as follows: film mulching and organic fertilizer benefit the soil water content obviously, thus useful for root weight in each layer, the depth below 60 cm at flowering stage in particular, the root weight in total and water consumption were increased as a result; film mulching and organic fertilizer used at the same time did not help the root weight increase further, however both the yield and water use efficiency had been increased more than 4%; winter wheat with film mulching regulated the root system better, root weight increased with half seedling and yield was influenced less; nitrogen application at elongation stage could increase the root weight in depth, delayed the water consumption period of dry-land wheat, what was more, highest yield 7.0 t/hm2 was received with organic fertilizer among all cultivation modes; different wheat cultivars showed different root development and yield with different cultivation modes. All the results suggest that appropriate cultivation modes could be available ways to increase the yield and water use efficiency for dry-land farming in semi-arid region.