不同品种油桃裂果比较及防治措施研究

调查了几个不同油桃品种的裂果率,研究了不同灌水方式与不同修剪措施等对不同品种裂果率的影响。结果表明,不同主栽品种裂果存在较大差异,裂果与裂核关系密切,成熟早的品种果核的成熟度比较差,其营养和水分代谢与供给矛盾容易造成裂核,裂核直接影响果实生长所需的养分水分供给,导致后期突发性旺长而大量裂果。不同灌溉方式与不同修剪措施等对不同品种裂果率的影响不同,水分的剧烈变化造成生长的不均衡是导致裂果的主要原因。小畦小水多次灌溉,可有效地降低油桃裂果的发生;疏果后在果实硬核期及果实采收前10-15 d分次修剪背上枝可有效降低裂果率。

The Comparison of Dehiscent Fruit of Different Nectarines and Controlling Measures

The effect of different irrigations and pruning branches was studied on the nectarine dehiscent fruit rate for 3 years,based on several years' investigation and analysis of nectarine dehiscent fruit.It showed that dehiscent fruit rate is varied greatly on different nectarine varieties.There is a close relationship between dehiscent fruit and dehiscent stone.The dehiscent stone is caused by the unbalance of the water and nutrition's supplying,especially for premature nectarine stone in early varieties.But the dehiscent stone can lead to dehiscent fruit directly because the water and nutrition supplying for fruit can be affected by the dehiscent stone,thus many dehiscent fruits emerge in the later period of the early nectarines.The different irrigation and pruning measures have great effects on the nectarine dehiscent fruit and the main reason of dehiscent is the growth unbalance caused by great variegation of the water.Little water irrigations for many times have a well effect to control the dehiscent fruit.Pruning vertical branches can reduce the dehiscent fruit after thinning,at period of harden stone and 10~15 d before plucking fruit.