播量·追氮量互作对小麦生长发育·产量·性状和品质的影响

[目的]主要研究播种量与追氮量互作对小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)生长发育、产量和品质的影响,探索小麦高产优质生产的播种量与追氮量的最优组合。[方法]试验设播种量和追氮量2个因素,施入的氮肥为尿素(N 46%),播种量分3个水平(60、120、180kg/hm2),追氮量分4个水平(0、56、112、168 kg/hm2),随机区组设计。[结果]追氮量相同时,播量增大,茎蘖数越多,叶面积指数越大,干物质积累越大。播量相同时,追氮量对茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累的影响较大,追氮量168 kg/hm2处理的茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累均高于对应播量的其他3个基追比例处理;不同播量条件下,追氮量对小麦各群体结构指标影响规律不一致,播量与追氮量之间存在互作效应。另外,播量、追氮量对小麦容重、蛋白质含量、出粉率均有显著影响,而对含水量影响不大;播量、追氮量对小麦面粉品质有一定影响。播量180 kg/hm2、追氮量168 kg/hm2时最有利于产量提高;播量120 kg/hm2、追氮量168 kg/hm2的籽粒品质协调且最优。[结论]播量、追氮量对小麦产量和品质的调控效应显著,且播量与追氮量之间存在互作效应。

Effects of Sowing Quantity and Additional Quantity of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Development,Yield and Quality of Wheat(Triticum aestivum Linn.)

[Objective] The purpose was to mainly study the effects of sowing quantity and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and development,yield and quality,and discuss the best combination of sowing quantity and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer to obtain high yield and good quality production of wheat.[Method] Two factors,sowing and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer,were designed by randomized block design,thereinto,nitrogen fertilizer was urea containing 46% nitrogen,sowing quantity was three levels(60,120,180 kg/hm2) and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was four levels(0,56,112,168 kg/hm2).[Result] When additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was same,bigger sowing quantity,more number of stems and tillers,bigger leaf area index and dry matter accumulation amount.When sowing quantity was same,additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer had great effects on stems and tillers dynamic,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation amount,thereinto,those of additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer 168 kg/hm2 treatment were higher than those of the other three additional nitrogen fertilizer treatments under the same sowing quantity;Under different sowing quantity treatments,the effects law of additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer on all population instruction indices was unconformity,and there was a interaction effect between sowing quantity and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer.Otherwise,sowing quantity and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on volume weight,protein content and flour extraction rate of wheat,but had a little effects on water content;they had some effects on wheat flour quality.The treatment of sowing quantity was 180 kg/hm2 and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was 168 kg/hm2 was the most benefit for improving wheat yield;Under treatment of sowing quantity was 120 kg/hm2 and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was 168 kg/hm2,wheat seed quality was coordinated and the best.[Conclusion] Sowing quantity and additional quantity of nitrogen fertilizer have significant control effect on yield and quality of wheat,and there is interaction effect between them.