以海蛙作为红树林环境监测指示物种的初步研究

目的]研究将唯一栖息于红树林的两栖动物——海蛙(Rana cancrivora)作为红树林环境质量监测指示物种的可行性。方法]于2009年7月和8月在海南东寨港红树林国家级自然保护区的码头和红树林核心区(简称红树林)2个不同微生境中采集海蛙,检测分析其肝脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱脂酶(AChE)和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时测量计算其肝体指数、肾体指数和脾体指数,以综合评估海蛙所受环境胁迫大小,并用以评估红树林不同生境质量好坏。结果]红树林生境中海蛙的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏系数均低于码头,但仅肾脏系数差异显著(p<0.05);该生境中海蛙组织的4种酶活性均高于码头,且SOD和CAT活性均表现出差异显著(p<0.05);同时MDA含量也显著低于码头(p<0.05)。结果表明红树林生境中海蛙的抗氧化酶活性高于码头个体,相应地脂质过氧化程度低,所受环境胁迫程度低于码头。结论]由于人类干扰和旅游开发等因素使码头生境质量明显低于红树林核心区,而红树林生境中海蛙个体所受环境胁迫小于码头个体,与这2个微生境中的生境质量相一致,表明海蛙可作为红树林环境质量评价的指示物种。

Preliminary Study on Taking Rana cancrivora as Indicator Species for Mangrove Environment Monitoring

Objective] The aim was to study on the feasibility to take Rana cancrivora,the only amphibian inhabiting mangrove,as indicator species for environment monitoring of mangrove.Methods] Rana cancrivora were collected in July and August of 2009 from two different microhabitats,including the pier and the core mangrove area of National Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove Reserve in Hainan Province.In addition,examination and analysis were conducted on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acetylcholine esterase(AChE),Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),content of malonaldehyde(MDA) in its liver and muscle.Furthermore,indices of hepar/body,kidney/body and spleen/body were measured to make a comprehensive evaluation on Rana cancrivora stress from environment and mangrove quality in different microhabitats.Result] In mangrove habitat,indices of hepar/body,kidney/body and spleen/body of Rana cancrivora were all lower than those in pier and only index of kidney/body differed significantly(p<0.05);the four enzyme activities were all higher than those in pier and activities of SOD and CAT differed significantly(p<0.05).In addition,MDA content was lower than that in pier significantly(p<0.05).The result indicated that antioxidant enzyme activity of Rana cancrivora in mangrove habitat was higher than that in pier individually,lipid peroxidation was lower and the stress was lower correspondingly.Conclusion] Because of human intervention and travelling development,quality of pier habitat was lower than that in mangrove core area,and stress for Rana cancrivora by environment was lower than that in pier,correspondingly.Therefore,Rana cancrivora can be the indicator species for environment monitoring of mangrove.