基于养分专家系统的侧深施肥技术对宁夏引黄灌区

为了寻求合理施用肥料与改善水稻养分利用的有效措施，通过2016—2018年在宁夏引黄灌区开展的8组田间试验，研究基于养分专家系统的侧深施肥技术（NE-SD）对水稻产量与养分利用率的影响。结果表明：与农民习惯施肥（FP）处理相比，养分专家系统（NE）处理在减氮24.85%、减磷24.78%、增钾90.71%的基础上，稻谷增产4.71%；氮素、磷素、钾素累积量分别增加2.24%，4.40%，15.09%；氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率分别增加9.84，8.78，1.99个百分点；氮肥、磷肥、钾肥农学效率分别增加4.73，7.69，1.54 kg/kg。基于养分专家系统的侧深施肥技术，能够深化4R养分管理方法，表现出较好的应用效果。与FP处理相比，NE-SD处理稻谷增产7.53%；氮素、磷素、钾素累积量分别增加3.92%，7.87%，18.74%；氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率分别增加11.09，11.32，5.82个百分点；氮肥、磷肥、钾肥农学效率分别增加5.87，11.31，3.54 kg/kg。因此，在宁夏引黄灌区，NE推荐施肥与NE推荐施肥的基础上，采用侧深施肥技术 2种施肥方法均能在减少肥料投入的基础上，增加稻谷产量，增加水稻养分累积量，提高养分利用率，降低土壤氮素、磷素盈余。

Effects of Side Deep Fertilization Technology Based on Nutrient Expert System on Rice Yield and Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Yellow River Irrigation Region of Ningxia

In order to explore the effective measures that could make rational fertilization and improve nutrient utilization of rice, 8 field experiments were conducted in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia from 2016 to 2018 to evaluated the effect of side deep fertilization technology based on nutrient expert system(NE-SD) on rice yield and nutrient use efficiency. The results showed that, compared to the farmer practice fertilization (FP) treatment, the nutrient expert system (NE) treatment significantly reduced N and P application rate 24.85% and 24.78%, but increased K rate 90.71%, and increased the rice yield 4.71%. Compared to the FP treatment, the nutrient accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased 2.24%, 4.40% and 15.09%, respectively; the nutrient utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased 9.84, 8.78 and 1.99, respectively; the fertilizer agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased 4.73, 7.69 and 1.54 kg/kg, respectively. The side deep fertilization technology based on nutrient expert system could deepen the 4R nutrient management principle and had better application effect. Compared to the FP treatment, the rice yield of the NE-SD treatment increased 7.53%. Compared to the FP treatment, the nutrient accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased 3.92%, 7.87% and 18.74%, respectively; the nutrient utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased 11.09, 11.32 and 5.82, respectively; the fertilizer agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased 5.87, 11.31 and 3.54 kg/kg, respectively. Therefore, on the basis of reducing fertilizer rate, two fertilization methods of the nutrient expert system and the side deep fertilization technology based on nutrient expert system could increase rice yield and nutrient accumulation, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and reduce soil nitrogen and phosphorus surplus in Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia.