欧洲土壤重金属元素多重分形特征及其环境意义

[目的]评价欧洲土壤环境地球化学特征,为改善和调控生态环境、制订社会经济可持续发展规划提供决策依据。[方法]采用多重分形方法、综合指数法,结合欧洲地质状况,对欧洲表层和深层土壤中As、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn 7种重金属元素地球化学数据进行统计分析,探讨了重金属在表层和深层土壤中的分布规律,并对其进行环境地球化学特征评价。[结果]重金属元素在欧洲表层和深层土壤中的分布具有多重分形分布特征,且各元素含量在多重分形频谱曲线上均显示连续的多重分形分布,并受各国的经济社会发展和矿产开采等情况影响,导致重金属在各国家、地区的污染程度不同。欧洲土壤重金属污染程度为清洁至中污染,尤以巴尔干半岛和意大利北部重金属污染严重,而其他地区重金属含量与世界土壤均值相当,且略低于中国土壤均值,各元素综合污染指数从大到小依次为Ni、As、Co、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu。[结论]该研究不仅为土壤质量评价,更能为保护人类健康制订有效措施提供重要信息。

Multifractal Characteristics and Environmental Significance of Heavy Metals in European Soil

Objective] The aim was to evaluate geochemical characteristics of soil environment in Europe and provide decision basis for impro-ving and regulating eco-environment and making sustainable socio-economic development plan.[ Method] Geochemical data of seven kinds of heavy metals (As,Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn) in European topsoil and deepsoil were analyzed by comprehensive index method,combined with geo-chemical mapping and geological conditions in Europe.[ Result] The results showed that the distribution of all heavy metals in European topsoil and deepsoil have multifractal characteristics,the content of each element in the multi-fractal spectrum curve showed a continuous multi-fractal distribution,and the diversity of economic and social development of countries,development of mineral and other factors lead to different degree of heavy metal pollution in various countries and regions in Europe.The degree of contamination in European soil is clean to moderately polluted, heavy metals in northern Italy and the Balkans are more enriched,while heavy metal in the rest areas of Europe are fair to the world soil,and slightly lower than the Chinese average soil.The comprehensive pollution indexof each element decreased in the order of:Ni,As,Co,Cr,Pb,Zn, Cu.[ Conclusion] The study not only provides important information for the evaluation of soil quality,but also provides effective measures for the protection of human health.